以壅塞賽局模型為基礎發展動態設計鏈協商機制

Dynamic Multiple Design Chain Networks Coordination Based On the Congestion Games Model

曾景弘(Ching-Hung Tseng)

指導教授 ： 林勢敏

國立屏東科技大學/管理學院/工業管理系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00205

摘要

根據統計，在產品生命週期中，產品成本的80%在設計階段就已經決定，足見產品設計的重要性。新產品設計流程是由一連串的設計鏈活動所組成，在現行的商業環境中，各種隸屬不同陣營的設計鏈並行運作，在設計鏈中執行活動的成員來自不同組織，每個成員獨立自主，成員中的衛星廠商服務多個中心廠商而形成複雜的設計鏈網絡。在高度市場導向與動態變化的環境中，由於產品的開發必須因應市場需求變動而經常性地調整，加之產品設計流程是由一連串複雜、分散管理的活動所組成，在服務資源有限的情形下，設計鏈網絡中的成員將無法快速及彈性地調整活動排程以回應產品設計變更。無法快速調整設計鏈活動排程將導致網絡中的各活動間易產生衝突而導致產品上市時程延誤，此一情況通常意味著無法取得先進者的優勢地位、無法獲取豐厚利潤，也無法佔有市場。本文將設計鏈網絡在資源有限之情況下因設計變更所引發的衝突問題形塑為壅塞賽局，應用軟體代理人技術發展分散式動態協商方法及機制以降低設計鏈網絡中衝突問題所造成的衝擊。本文最後以一個多設計鏈同時運作的設計鏈網絡進行實驗，並分析本研究所提出之協商方法及機制對於設計鏈網絡中衝突問題是否能夠達到顯著性的改善。實驗結果顯示本研究所提出之協商機制在分散式設計鏈網絡中對於改善成員間因衝突所引發的問題可達顯著性效果。

關鍵字

設計鏈網絡 ； 分散式設計鏈 ； 壅塞賽局 ； 軟體代理人 ； 分散式協商機制

並列摘要

The NPD (New Product Development) is the most important process in the product life cycle for the reason that 80% of product cost is decided during this process. An NPD process is composed of a series of complicated, distributed and loosely coupled design chain activities. Facing a highly market oriented and changing business environment, participants in the NPD processes must frequently adjust themselves to deal with the uncertainties. In the current design chain networks, members, coming from different organizations to fulfill the NPD processes, pursue their own maximum benefits. With no coordination mechanism, the design chain members are unable to quickly and flexibly respond to the market variations and uncertainties. Conflicts therefore are likely to arise. Such conflicts always delay the product launch. Companies thus might not be able to get the first mover advantages. That is, companies will possibly lose their competitive positions, gain less benefits and moreover have less market shares. This study tries to solve the conflict problem by proposing a dynamic coordination mechanism. To build the mechanism, the Congestion Games Model is employed to formulate the design chain dynamic coordination problem and then software agents to implement it. This study takes the design chain of automation equipment as an example to execute some simulated experiments. The experimental results finally are analyzed to discuss the performance of the proposed coordination mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed coordination mechanism performs well in distributed design chain network to resolve the arising conflicts.

並列關鍵字

Design chain networks ； Distributed Design Chain ； Congestion games ； Software agents ； Distributed coordination mechanism

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