布袋蓮萃取物對低溫緊迫的淡水長臂大蝦免疫能力之影響

Effect of Water Hyacinth Extract on the Immunity in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Machrobrachium rosenbergii under Hypothermal Stress

黎凰妔(Le, Thi Hoang Hang)

指導教授 ： 鄭文騰 ； 鄭達智

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00230

摘要

淡水長臂大蝦為臺灣水產養殖業之中要養殖甲殼類。過去幾年間，商業化蝦類養殖場受到冬季之乳酸菌及夏季之細菌感染衝擊，使本產業遭受嚴重損失。本研究之目的為評估飼料添加布袋蓮萃取物對處於低溫狀態下之淡水長臂大蝦免疫能力之影響。試驗以布袋蓮萃取物添加濃度0和 3 g (kg diet)-1進行。在水溫28⁰C下餵飼14天後，將淡水長臂大蝦移置水溫20°C下 4天後檢測總血球數、酚氧化酵素活性、呼吸爆（超氧離子含量）及超氧歧化酵素活性。結果顯示，餵飼含0 g (kg diet)-1布袋蓮萃取物之淡水長臂大蝦在水溫20⁰C下，其總血球數於第12、 48及96小時；酚氧化酵素活性於第96小時；超氧歧化酵素活性於第24小時皆顯著低於控制組（28⁰C）。由此可知餵飼0 g (kg diet)-1布袋蓮萃取物之淡水長臂大蝦於低溫緊迫（28⁰C至20⁰C）時其免疫能力下降。然而，餵飼3 g (kg diet)-1布袋蓮萃取物之淡水長臂大蝦於低溫緊迫時，其總血球數、酚氧化酵素活性、呼吸爆及超氧歧化酵素活性並無顯著差異。因此，飼料添加3 g (kg diet)-1布袋蓮萃取物可有效增強在低溫緊迫下淡水長臂大蝦之免疫能力。

關鍵字

淡水長臂大蝦 ； 布袋蓮 ； 低溫緊迫 ； 總血球數 ； 酚氧化酵素活性 ； 呼吸爆 ； 超氧歧化酵素活性

並列摘要

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is the most important aquaculture species of decapod crustaceans used for freshwater culture in Taiwan. During the past few years, commercial prawn farming has been severely adversely impacted by epidemics associated with yeast in the cool season and bacteria in the hot season, which have caused serious economic losses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immune ability of M. rosenbergii in low temperature condition by using hot water extract of water hyacinth Eicchornia crassipes. Two experiment diets, including a control diet (without extract of E. crassipes) and 3 g (kg diet)-1 of hot water extract of E. crassipes were carried out. After 14 days of culture at 28⁰C, THC, phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory bursts (release of superoxide anions), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured when the prawns were transferred to 20⁰C for 96 hours. The results showed that THC of prawn fed with control diet were decreased significantly at 12, 48, 96 hours, PO activity of prawn fed with control diet were decreased significantly at 96 hour, SOD activity of prawn fed with control diet decrease significantly at 24 hour. These proved that immune ability of M. rosenbergii fed with control diet were decrease when shocking temperature from 28⁰C to 20⁰C. However, no significant difference were observed of THC, PO, SOD activity, and respiratory bursts of M. rosenbergii fed with diet containing E. crassipes extracts at 3 g kg-1 when transfer from 28⁰C to 20⁰C. It was therefore concluded that extract of water hyacinth E. crassipes showed good effect on enhancing immunity parameters of M. rosenbergii under hypothermal stress.

並列關鍵字

Macrobrachium rosenbergii ； Eicchornia crassipes ； total heamocyte counts ； respiratory bursts ； superoxide dismutase ； hypothermal stress ； phenoloxydase activity

參考文獻

Chang, C. C. 2009. Study on the Modulation of Apoptosis and Immunity in White shrimp, Litopenaues vanamei under Cold Stress. Ph.D. Dissertation of National Pingtung University of Science and Technology pp. 14-24.

Cheng, W. and J. C. Chen. 2002. Effect of Environment Factors on the Immune Response of Freshwater Prawn Machrobrachium rosenbergii and other Decapods Crustaceans. Journal of Taiwan. Fishery 29:1-19.

Tonguthai, K. 1997. Diseases of the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. AAHRI Newsletter 4:12-21.

6. References

Adams, A. 1991. Response of Penaeid Shrimp to Exposure to Vibrio species. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 1:59-70.