臺東縣逹仁林場藤本植物多樣性及形態之研究

Study on Diversity and Morphology of Climbers in Tajen Experimental Forest Station, Taitung County

林恭正(Kung-Cheng Lin)

指導教授 ： 楊勝任

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00275

摘要

本研究區位於本校達仁實驗林場，目的是將採集到的70種藤本植物之莖與葉部特徵、藤本植物攀爬機制、木質部圓柱狀構造類群與分類系統做定性描述與比較。本文依植物外部形態特徵、莖部橫剖面形態構造分別製作檢索表，並針對每一物種描述植物莖、葉部形態特徵、橫剖面形狀以及生態分布，對藤本植物的鑑別有很大助益。結果顯示，莖產生不定根有荖藤(胡椒科)等14種植物，亨利氏伊立基藤(旋花科)和菊花木(豆科)莖的橫剖面具塊狀花紋，其橫剖面花紋狀，可作為工藝品之用。莖具木栓層構造是很好的鑑別特徵，具木栓層構造的物種有野牽牛(旋花科)等6種植物。莖砍傷後有水狀汁液的物種有三葉崖爬藤(葡萄科)等15種植物，其中以硬齒獼猴桃(獼猴桃科)最為特殊，其水狀汁液會呈現有稠粘膠狀物。莖砍傷後有紅色乳汁的物種有血藤(豆科)等4種植物。莖砍傷後有白色乳汁的物種有大錦蘭(夾竹桃科)等11種植物。莖上呈現重複木質部圓柱狀構造的物種有三葉崖爬藤(葡萄科)等5種植物，三葉崖爬藤是達仁林場70種植物中唯一莖扁平的物種。圓柱莖著生皮刺的物種有雙面刺(芸香科)等4種植物，其中芸香科的皮刺成熟後形成脊狀莖最為特別，亦是最容易辨識的特徵。台灣馬錢(馬錢科)的圓柱狀橫剖面具圓弧大斑點的內函韌皮部，橫剖面呈放射線，此圓弧大斑點特徵是達仁林場70種植物中唯一且最特殊的構造。由於與大範圍曝曬陽光有關，臺灣藤本植物莖部橫剖面以放射線和年輪狀居多，或者以放射狀結構居多，實有進一步探討之必要。

關鍵字

攀爬植物 ； 莖橫剖面 ； 圓弧大斑點 ； 木質藤本 ； 木質部。

並列摘要

The study area is located in the Tajen experimental forest station of NPUST. The aims of this study were to describe 70 collected climbers and compare by stems and leaf characteristics, climbing mechanism, xylem cylindrical structures and the classification system. Two keys were made according to plant morphological characteristics and the stem cross-section. In addition, the leaf parts, cross-section of stems and general distribution of each plant were described with two pictures included in this study. The information of woody vines indicated here were very useful for the identification of vines. The results showed that fourteen plants such as Piper betle (Piperaceae) produce adventitious roots from the stems (Root climbers). The stem cross-sections of Erycibe henryi (Convolvulaceae ) and Bauhinia championii (Leguminosae) have block pattern which can be used in handicrafts. Stem with cork layer is a good discrimination and there are six kinds of plant species, such as Ipomoea obscura (Convolvulaceae), with this significant structure. Fifteen kinds of plants including Tetrastigma formosanum (Vitaceae) feature water-like sap when stems in chopped or wound, and those of Actinidia callosa (Actinidiaceae) are the most special ones with thick viscose in its watery juice. Four species, including Mucuna macrocarpa (Leguminosae), feature red milk when stems are chopped or wound, eleven species, such as Anodendron benthamiana (Apocynaceae), feature white milk. Stems of Tetrastigma formosanum (Vitaceae) and other four kinds of plants show duplicate xylem cylindrical structure. Tetrastigma formosanum is only species with a flat stem from among 70 vines in Tajen experimental forest station. Cylindrical stems with prickles are found in Zanthoxylum nitidum (Rutaceae) and other three kinds of plants. The ridged stem of mature prickles (Rutaceae) is the most unique one and also the easiest characteristic to recognize. The cylindrical cross-section of Strychnos cathayensis (Loganiaceae) feature large dots of phloem, which is supernumerary cambium producing interxylary phloem and the cross-section represent radial pattern. This character of dot phloem is most unique construction among 70 climbers in the Tajen Experimental Forest Station. However, it is necessary to find out if the climbers in Taiwan represent both radial pattern and ring-shaped or only represent cylindrical radial structure about the stem cross-section in the future because those characters were related to the larger range of sun exposure.

並列關鍵字

climbers ； cross-section of stem. ； large dots of phloem. ； lianas. ； xylem.

參考文獻

Hsien, C. F., T. C. Huang, C. S. Kuoh, H. Ohashi, and H. J. Su (2000) Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Editorial Committee, Department of Botany, Nationl Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. pp.1143.

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