運用清式家具造型特徵於創新家具設計之研究

Manipulating Morphological Features of the Qing-style Furniture on Innovative Furniture Design

邱祺閔(chi-min-chiou)

指導教授 ： 李鴻麟

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/木材科學與設計系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00262

摘要

傳統中國家具的形態與結構工法具有濃厚的文化意涵與藝術氣息，且是中華文化發展之產物。清式家具為東方美術裝飾工藝運動之重要時期，結合了中華民族的文化風格、經濟狀況、社會發展及東西方文明的技藝交融，並創造出獨有的風格特色，造就了最高的雕工技術和工藝精神。清式家具承襲了明式的工法，但其式樣及製作理念卻截然不同，此時期之家具形態演變對於中國家具史之研究極為重要。
造型特徵分析之理論是針對產品設計之造型解析，著重於外觀呈現之研究。本研究運用於清式家具之造型分析探究，其方法係以文獻分析收集清式家具之相關案例，並以形態分析對各部構件與名稱定義，再量化分析整合歸納各部位構件之數據統整，以比對明清家具不同處。最後，以造型特徵之基本理論設計創新家具以探究製作可行性。結果顯示如下:1.清式太師椅相較於其他品類家具更著重於裝飾性表現，其造型表現手法更以大量的透欞雕與鑲嵌技法，而椅背與扶手更是工匠們精雕細琢之處，相較於其他品類家具更截然不同，有別於以往明式風格；2.明式家具與清式家具之造型特徵不同，後者工法較為複雜，不論是扶手、椅背、腿足、牙條及角牙等各構件皆比明式繁雜。由清式家具造型特徵分析可得知，明式與清式家具之造型前述雖為相似，但後期更有所不同；3.清式家具以華麗厚重為主，為了讓形體呈現了雄偉之視覺感，製作時不惜用料，並以寬大又昂貴之木料為主，改變其結構接合方式，以裝飾為主，機能為輔；相對而言，明式家具則以圓滑曲線製作，將材料發揮其所能，造型兼具機能；4.由造型特徵分析得知，清式家具之形態式樣是定有固有的形式及既定的形態工法，各部位構件可透過造型特徵分析後創造出該式樣之多元性，並且留有依據性，可幫助研究學者更容易了解清式家具的形態演變，提升設計研究的價值性；5.透過設計創作更了解將清式家具風格的特點，幫助研究學者更能理解其家具所演變的形態工法及結構工法。

關鍵字

清式家具 ； 造型特徵 ； 工法 ； 量化分析

並列摘要

The structures and forms of traditional chinese furniture contain deep cultural meanings and artistic aura. Chinese furniture is the production and symbol of chinese culture. Qing dynasty is an important era for oriental arts and crafts movement, which not only echoes chinese culture, economic conditions, social development, but also a fusion of Western and eastern civilization. In this era, chinese furniture exhibits a unique style, and demonstrates the highest crafting skills and workmanship spirits. Qing furniture inherited crating skills from Ming dynasty; however, its forms and manufacturing philosophy is different, that development of forms is especially important to the study of chinese furniture history.
The theory of manipulating features aimed modeling analysis of the product design, whose focus on appearance. This study examined and compared different cases of furniture in Qing and Ming style through literature review, quantitative analysis and morphological analysis, investigated their components and definition of titles, quantitatively analyzed the change of different categories of furniture, and constructed a dendrogram of Qing furniture. And that, here one has uses the theory of modeling features for design furniture, which explore the furniture production of possibility. Results indicated that: 1) Compared to other types of chair, Qing palace chair is heavily decorated, show penetration decorative and sculpture techniques. although, the seat back and arms of chair is different than other manufacturing process of furniture and Ming dynasty furniture； 2) Qing-style and Ming-style chairs have distinctive components and structures. The craft of the former is more complicated than the latter. And that, the manufacturing method of the five parts of components of the arms of chair, seat back, legs , aprons and rails are different；3) Qing-style furniture stresses decorations more than practicality and high cost, utilize the generous and expensive wood, change the structure of engineering methods, on the other hand, Ming-style furniture is curve of smooth to production, material used to properly, modeling of both function；4) As analysis showed manipulating features, Qing style furniture has the inherent forms and manifestation methods, and that, each component through the modeling features analysis, create diversity of modeling components, and retain the forms of basis, help the scholars easier to understand this research for the design, support the design research of valuable； 5) Through creation of the design can show the Qing style, support the scholars to understand the furniture manufacturing method, and structure of construction method.

並列關鍵字

Qing-style furniture ； Manipulate features ； Manufacturing method ； Quantification analysis

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