由於高雄市都市化發展的迅速,相關的公共運輸系統已與市民的生活息息相關,相關站點及艙室的室內空氣品質等相關的議題,應呼籲做更多的討論及研究。本項研究採用的是可攜式的甲醛直讀儀,對選定的站點及車廂進行甲醛濃度及溫、溼度的測定,對象為高雄市捷運公共運輸系統的站點室內空間及車廂,所選定的監測點為高雄捷運紅橘線全部車站的車廂、月臺、站內穿堂層內部空間,監測日期為主要分布於2013年2月至2013年4月。實驗監測結果: (1) 大型站甲醛濃度>中型站>小型站,地下站甲醛濃度>地上站甲醛濃度,尖峰時段甲醛濃度>離峰時段甲醛濃度,且均呈現站內甲醛濃度>月臺甲醛濃度>車廂甲醛濃度的濃度分佈,紅線平均甲醛濃度介於0.002-0.031PPM,橘線平均甲醛濃度在0.003-0.025PPM之間,全線室內空間甲醛濃度監測值皆未超過0.08PPM的法定標準。 (2) 車廂及站內甲醛濃度逐時變化分別呈現2及3個峰值,車廂的峰值分別落在上班族上下班的通勤時段,而車站的峰值則多了夜間時段的峰值,推估可能與高雄市夜間活動頻繁或捷運共構建築內的餐廳有關。 (3) 地下站車廂、月臺及站內甲醛濃度經 SPSS分析結果顯示,高雄捷運地下站車廂甲醛濃度與空間人數呈中度正相關(r=0.321,p<0.01),與相對濕度呈低度正相關(r=0.211,p<0.01),與溫度呈低度負相關(r=-0.189,p<0.01)。地下站月臺甲醛濃度與相對濕度呈中度正相關(r=0.311,p<0.01)。地下站站內甲醛濃度與相對濕度呈低度正相關(r=0.172,p<0.05)。
Because of the rapid urbanization of Kaohsiung City, the relevant public transport system has been closely linked with the lives of people. Concerns related to air quality in relevant stations and in compartments should be the topic of further discussion and research. This study used a portable direct-reading formaldehyde monitor to measure the formaldehyde concentration, temperature, and humidity in the indoor space at stations and compartments of the Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit (KMRT) System. All of the compartments, platforms, and concourses inside the stations of the Red and Orange Lines of the KMRT were monitored between February 2013 and April 2013 in this study. The monitoring results are presented as follows: (1) The largest stations had the highest formaldehyde concentration, followed by the medium-sized stations, and the smallest stations. The formaldehyde concentration of the underground stations was higher than that of the aboveground stations. The formaldehyde concentration during peak times was higher than that during off-peak times. In all cases, the inside the stations had the highest formaldehyde concentration, followed by the platforms and then compartments. The average formaldehyde concentration ranged from 0.002 PPM to 0.031 PPM for the Red Line, and from 0.003 PPM to 0.025 PPM for the Orange Line. None of the formaldehyde concentrations measured in the indoor space of both lines was higher than the statutory limit of 0.08 PPM. (2) The hourly variation of formaldehyde concentration in the compartments and inside the stations revealed two and three peaks, respectively. The peaks in the compartments occurred during the commute of office workers during rush hours. However, the stations had an additional peak at nighttime, which could be attributed to the busy nightlife in Kaohsiung City or the restaurants located in the metro station constructions. (3) According to the SPSS analysis results regarding the concentration of formaldehyde in MRT cars and platforms and inside MRT buildings, the formaldehyde concentration in the cars had a moderately positive correlation with the number of people in the cars (r = 0.321, p < 0.01), a low positive correlation with relative humidity (r = 0.221, p < 0.01), and a low negative correlation with temperature (r = 0.189, p < 0.01). Regarding the MRT platforms, formaldehyde concentration exhibited moderately positive correlation with relative humidity (r = 0.311, p < 0.01), whereas formaldehyde concentration inside the MRT buildings exhibited a low positive correlation with relative humidity (r = 0.172, p < 0.05).
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