屋頂平台模組化綠棚架系統設計研究

全球百年來溫升0.85℃，人為溫室氣體排放是全球暖化氣候變遷主要肇因，衝擊居住環境影響生活健康，百年來溫升1.4℃的台灣隸屬全球氣候變遷高危險區域，於2014年水泥生產每年人均CO2排放量排名全球第7，有將近90%居住空間為隔熱差高耗能的R.C.鋼筋混凝土平頂建築，為減緩氣候變遷衝擊與影響，世界各國積極制定屋頂綠化政策與規範，並推動全球屋頂綠化主流：FLL所推展的薄層綠屋頂，台灣亦廣為推動，但僅適用於不到14%符合2007年新耐震規範的新建築，有高達86%以上結構老舊建物與一般既有建築僅能適用於傳統盆栽與棚架屋頂綠化｡因此，本研究以模組化觀點，探討傳統網格式植栽棚架模組化與栽培管理現況，屋頂綠化與棚架相關法規規範，NURBS網格曲面創新設計概念｡由專家訪談､文本分析的模組化知識建構，了解棚架客製化設計需求，並以NURBS網殼Gridshell設計案例研究，探尋網格棚架自由曲面形式外觀造型設計可行性，透過Revit族群暨巢狀模組化機制､網殼圖案結構化NURBS曲面與3D可視化參數建模技術，開發綠棚架系統｡本系統由桿､鎖､套､軸､錨五種基本單元組件，組成柱､樑､框､桁､網格､網殼六種結構模組，由3x3點 (9點4格)､3x5點 (15點8格)兩種數量相異權重控制點的NURBS網殼曲面，可上凸下凹兩種曲面類型，與平滑型､拱型､丘型､丘拱型､S型五種曲面造形，組構成立柱水平式､懸臂出挑水平式､垂直式､彎弧立式與拱型五種NURBS網殼棚架樣式｡由模組化任意組構與可換機制可改善傳統屋頂棚架材料型構與外觀造型單一性，增添棚架型構外觀多元多樣､多變的彈性客製化屋頂植栽綠化需求，提升屋頂環境綠美效益並美化都市景觀。

關鍵字

屋頂盆栽綠化；綠棚架；模組化；非均勻理性B雲形線；網殼； Revit

並列摘要

With the temperature rise of 0.85℃ in the past century, the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission is the principal cause of global warming and it affects the living environment and health for life. Taiwan is in the high danger area of global climate change for its temperature rising 1.4℃ in the past century. In 2014, the annual per capita CO2 emission produced by cement ranked Top 7 in the world. Nearly 90% of living space is flat-roofed building made by R.C. reinforced concrete with poor insulation and high energy consumption. For slowing down the impact and effect of climate change, countries all over the world actively formulate the policies and standards for roof greening and making it the mainstream. Taiwan also propels the green roof covered by thin layer soil of FFL German Landscape Research, Development and Construction Society. but it can be applicable to less than 14% of new buildings in line with New Seismic Standard(2007) and over 86% of buildings with old structure and general existing buildings are suitable for traditional potted and pergola roof greening. As a result, the study takes the modularization as the viewpoint to discuss the current situation of planting pergola modular and cultivation management with traditional grid pattern, relevant laws and regulations of potted green roof and pergola and the innovated design concept of NURBS net surface. It is constructed by the modularization knowledge of the expert interviews and text analysis to know the design requirement of customized pergola. In addition, it discusses the feasibility the style design on the appearance of free-form surface of gridding pergola with the case study of NURES gridshell design. By the nested modularization mechanism with Revit ethnic group, structured NURBS surface of grid shell pattern and the modeling technique with 3D visual parameter, it develops the green pergola system. The system has five kinds of basic unit components including lever, lock, axle, set and anchor to compose six kinds of structured modular including pillar, girder, frame, purlin, grid and grid shell. It controls the points of NURBS grid shell surfaces with two different kinds of weighted point numbers including 3x3 points(9 points and 4 grids), 3x5 points(15 points and 8 grids). It can be made two surface types of upper convex and inferior fovea and five surface modeling including smooth type, arch type, mound type, mound and arch type and type S to construct five NURBS gridshell pergola patterns with upright horizontal type, cantilever horizontal type, vertical type, curved type and arch type. The random combination of modularizations and changeable mechanism can improve the simplicity of material structure and appearance of traditional proofing pergola, add the diversified appearances and fickle customized demands for proof plant greening, promote the green and beauty benefit of roof environment and beautify the urban landscape.

並列關鍵字

Potted green roof ； Green Pergola ； Modular ； NURBS ； Gridshell ； Revit

參考文獻

劉惟華(2013)。考量模組化設計之永續性產品開發決策(未出版之碩士

行政院農業委員會(2011)，農業知識入口網，https://kmweb.coa.gov.tw

林時旭(2011)。模組化手法於通用設計之應用－以站內之行人輔助導

林維俐(2010)｡以NURBS曲線改善由GPS軌跡產生之數位地圖(未出

劉樞賢(2010)｡產出CNC五軸NURBS切削程式指令之後處理建構(未

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屋頂平台模組化綠棚架系統設計研究

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