臺灣傳統木構彩繪被運用在許多的地方,其中有文物與廟宇裝飾,而這些彩繪的劣損與室內的微環境氣候息息相關;許多文物彩繪裝飾於半開放式的空間,容易受到室內及室外環境溫濕度的影響,彩繪在調節環境溫濕度的吸濕與放濕行為,會改變材料內部的平衡含水率(EMC),出現附著力下降或劣化的行為,因此根據此研究對於溫濕度對彩繪影響的結果,可設定出劣化風險範圍,讓管理單位使用監測室內環境的方法監控,並依此範圍進行木構彩繪的維護。 研究探討傳統木構彩繪的劣化,劣化發生受到環境溫濕度影響,為使研究試體與傳統木構彩繪條件相同,邀請傳統匠師仿造傳統彩繪的施作原則,使用熟桐油保護基底木材,並加入亞麻仁油、石灰、麻布等不同的材料堆疊,作為地仗層原料,並在上方塗抹彩繪顏料後,觀察整體彩繪層受到環境溫濕度影響的變化的影響。 彩繪受到溫濕度影響後,根據變化時間長短,會出現不同種的劣化反應,本研究挑選彩繪的附著性作為判斷環境溫濕度對彩繪影響的劣化基準,實驗使用恆溫恆濕箱做為模擬試體溫濕度的儀器,並採用CNS10757為測量附著力方法,對彩繪不同溫濕度影響下的附著力行為作為探討,而結果顯示,在相對濕度50±20%,與溫度30℃的±10℃為彩繪附著力良好的安全範圍,超越此範圍的溫濕度都會使彩繪的黏著劑融化或脆化,造成附著力下降;而彩繪的剝落行為除附著力受環境影響下降外,臺灣傳統建築的半開放式建築,容易受到外來風場的影響,除風場帶來的水氣會改變環境溫濕度外,強烈的陣風也會將脆弱的彩繪颳落,形成風化現象,因此在彩繪劣化的危險範圍,也包含風力對於彩繪風颳的影響。 為維護木構彩繪的完整性,管理單位須依照材料性質劣化的極限範圍,進行管理,因此在經過實驗與現場環境比對後所定義出的彩繪劣化範圍,可作為未來管理單位對彩繪劣化的依據。
Much paintings were painted on the wood construction for religion meaning and education to the prayers in the typical Chinese Temples. The painting damage was induced by the climate especially in the Relative humidity and Temperature various. Most typical Chinese temples were built by wood structure in semi-open construction with 3 brick walls, outdoor climate with hot and wet air directly impacts the indoor climate by the wind flow in the subtropical Taiwan Island. When thematerials absorb much damp or dry immediately, the volume will be expand or shrink to damage the materials of painting layer or the basement layer. Monitoring the indoor climate various to assess the damage risk is the effect way to announce the managers to preserve the painting immediately. This study focuses on the risk assessment of painting damage in the semi-open wooden historic temple. The test samples with painting were made by the cedar in the typical built method with wood protect oil, linen cloth, lime mortar, pigment, and surface protect oil. Put the samples into the temperature and relative humidity controlled chamber to observe the damage status in different climate various range. The results provide the risk assessment range for semi-open building in relative humidity with 60 ± 15% and in temperature with 22.5°C ± 7.5°C for safety range. The dangerous range may set ± 10% and ± 5°C from the safety range, and the very dangerous range should be destroyed the material from the boundary of EMC (Equilibrium Moisture Content), and phase change of materials. The risk assessment by benchmark in the temperature and relative humidity for easy announcing the managers to immediately trouble shutting. This study will still keep certify for the accuracy of risk assessment
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