《紅頭追憶》—以蘭嶼雅美族人文化意象探討「生命觀」之繪本創作研究

神話學大師喬瑟夫．坎伯（Joseph Campbell），對於英雄行為曾說：「英雄冒險終結，並不是誇大英雄角色。」（1986）由前述，針對世人為尋求目標捷徑，鮮少了解到「生命本質」，在乎人生背後意義的社會議題，藉此導入本創作研究。於自訂文本構思上，以西方文學觀點，融入在地文化特色，故原著參考改編，選擇海明威成名作—《老人與海》與雅美族為一支「海洋性文化」顯著的民族，作為連結理由：關於海明威寫《老人與海》的創作背景與構思，皆源自於他自身剛毅、勇於患難、坦然面對生死的個性，相較於投射在蘭嶼雅美勇士身上，雙方皆有明顯英雄特質，與相似生長環境所給予試鍊的共通處，延伸其原著背後「精神層面」，強化原住民的民族特性。創作研究方法採用田野調查法、歷史研究法、文本分析法，成為後續繪本創作支撐。關於本繪本創作具體目的與研究價值：（a）以生命觀中心思想，銜接雅美傳統捕魚集團、海洋文化意象，融入於自訂文本畫面設計；（b）運用雅美「圖騰始祖」神話崇拜，及「惡靈無善靈」族人觀點，轉化為角色創作依據；（c）繪本畫面處理採時空轉化與象徵物件的隱喻符號連結，以孩童幻想概念，回溯於民國30年代左右的蘭嶼（紅頭嶼）歷史氛圍，達到應用於繪本情境的繪製傳達模式；（d）實地蘭嶼田野採證，藉繪本形式呈現拋磚引玉，推廣在地原生文化背後的生命教育。

關鍵字

雅美族；文化意象；生命觀；繪本創作

並列摘要

“The extermination of heroic adventure is not to exaggerate the hero role,” said Joseph Campbell (1986), the mythology master, when he mentioned to those heroic behaviors. Based on the above statement, people always tend to look for shortcuts so that they rarely understand the true essence of life and care about social issues behind his truthful life. The fact also gave birth to this creativity study. This study conceived the idea of integrating the characteristics of the local culture in western literature perspective. As a result, this work was adapted from “The Old Man and the Sea”-the masterpiece of Ernest Miller Hemingway- to connect to the Yami, who are characteristic of their “marine cluture”. The background and conception of “The Old Man and the Sea” came from Hemingway’s personality- resolute, steadfast, brave to take a risk, and plain with life and death. Compared with the Yumi in Orchid Island, both they possess the obvious heroic characteristics; besides, their similar growth environments for drill turned into the main spirits of this work in order to strengthen the characteristics of the aborigines. We adopted field investigation, history research, and textual analysis to support the picture book afterward. The practical purposes and research values of this picture book are listed as below: (a) this book took life view as its main idea and connected the Yumi’s traditional fishing groups to their marine cultural images, which was included in this book’s picture design; (b) the Yumis’ mythical worship about “the ancestors of totem” and their folk views about “evil spirits, no merit spirits” were adopted as the root of our role creatures; (c) as for the pictures’ arrangement, the time and space conversion as well as those objects’ metaphor connections were used in this study; besides, by tracing back to the 1940s’ historical atmosphere in Orchid Island with children’s imagination, the drawing conveyance mode was applied in the situation of this book; (d) field investigations were made practically in Orchid Island to throw a sprat to catch a whale with this picture book and to promote the life education behind the local primary culture.