動畫角色之台語發音嘴型研究

隨著動畫的發展各種細節在製作動畫時逐漸被重視，為追求動畫角色表情的精緻化，臉部五官的動作分別成為研究的要項。近年本土語言逐漸流行，東方題材與本土文化是台灣動畫產業競爭的機會。國內媒體中常見的英語、日語或是中文的動畫，皆有針對該語言所設計的發音嘴型。不同語言有其特性，建立適合製作動畫的台語發音嘴型，提供動畫相關製作的參考依據。經由6位發音者對「台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案」進行發音，得到6組發音嘴型影片樣本。再由動畫相關工作者與台語學者票選出最具代表性樣本一組，製作成單張的嘴型影像35張。透過台語專家與動畫工作者的討論，將所得之影像分為13類，並於各類別中選擇一張代表樣本，獲得代表13個台語基本的發音嘴型的嘴型樣本。經由相關文獻的整理與探討擬定發音嘴型的分析項目。將13個發音嘴型樣本與發音者的原始嘴型做比對，分析嘴部主要特徵與肌肉走勢，歸納出適合動畫製作的參考資料。最後透過台語專家對本研究繪製的嘴型進行問卷測試，驗證並修正分析結果。本研究提出13個動畫角色之台語發音嘴型，並提供13個發音嘴型的代表性樣本與參考樣本、嘴型特徵、3D嘴部模擬肌肉走勢圖與線條描繪形式的三視圖。為便利後續研究與動畫相關製作的參考，整理發音嘴型與「台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案」拼音的對照表和台語拼音系統的對照表。

關鍵字

動畫；發音嘴型；台灣閩南語

並列摘要

The Study of the Taiwanese Visemes for Characters of Animation As animation develops apace, there is a growing focus on the many detailed aspects of animation production. In the quest to refine the way animated characters express themselves, the movements of each facial feature have become major topics of research. In recent years, the local language of Taiwan—variously referred to as Taiwanese—has been gaining in popularity. The combination of Asian themes and a rich local culture holds much potential for increasing the competitiveness of Taiwan’s animation industry. The many English-, Japanese-, and Mandarin-language animations that are featured in Taiwan’s media, have all been designed using visemes tailored to these languages. Every language has its unique characteristics, and the goal of this dissertation is to establish an appropriate set of Taiwanese visemes that can serve as a reference for the production of animation in this language. To this end, six films were recorded of six individuals reading Taiwanese written in the Orthographical Scheme for the Minnan Language in Taiwan. The films were played to a group of animation professionals and Taiwanese-language academics, who were asked to vote on the most authentic speaker. Thirty-five stills of mouth movements were taken from the winning film, and following a discussion among the group, divided into thirteen categories. Next, the best still was selected from each category to obtain a basic set of thirteen Taiwanese visemes. These were then analyzed in line with the literature in the field. Thirteen stills were also taken of one other speaker to serve as a further reference. Thereafter, the thirteen images taken from the first speaker were examined in the context of the original film. An analysis of the main characteristics of the speaker’s mouth and relevant muscle movements was carried out and the results written up as a future reference for animation producers. Finally, a questionnaire featuring sketches of mouth movements copied from the stills was distributed among scholars of Taiwanese to test their accuracy. The findings were recorded and any necessary alterations made. In summary, this dissertation suggests a set of thirteen visemes for use in Taiwanese -language animations and provides another set of thirteen visemes for further reference. The features of the mouth and its musculature are also examined. The study includes diagrams of facial musculature for use in 3D animation as well as sketches from three different angles. For the convenience of future research in this area, a chart depicting the Taiwanese visemes alongside the different Taiwanese Phonetic Alphabet—including the Orthographical Scheme for the Minnan Language in Taiwan—has been provided.