民國107年3月底,臺灣正式宣告邁入「高齡社會」,由於少子化,以往「養兒防老」觀念逐漸式微,而醫療衛生水準提高,使得國人平均壽命延長,長壽風險、未富先老隨之而來,加上政府為健全年金財務及永續經營,進行各項年金改革,將來所得替代率勢必減少,恐影響退休後的生活品質。為解決「有房屋,無現金」的高齡者問題,民國102年3月1日的時候,政府推出以房養老政策。 本研究根據「以房養老」的相關文獻與理論設計問卷,採問卷調查法,計有717份有效問卷,蒐集臺灣民眾對「以房養老」的認知來進行分析,歸納出「財務成本」、「社會福利」、「生活保障」三個構面因素,並探討個人背景資料對三個構面之差異性。 本研究實證分析結果如下: 一、因素分析結果共萃取出三組因素:財務成本、社會福利與生活保障,也就是說,在推行「以房養老」政策或金融商品時,建議同時考慮這三組因素,才能完善建立符合我國國情的高齡者政策或商品。 二、差異性分析結果顯示,除性別變項外,其餘瞭解政策、婚姻、區域、年齡、子女及房產佔財富比例變項在財務成本方面皆未達顯著水準,意味著財務成本是設計政策或金融商品的重點。 根據研究結果,建議相關單位更有周延的配套規劃,及供使用者或未來潛在使用者瞭解參考,而多了一層老年經濟安全的保障。
Taiwan has officially entered the stage of aged society in the end of March, 2018. Due to the trend of having fewer children, the traditional concept of “raising children for old age” has dwindled. With higher medical treatment level, the average life expectancy of Taiwanese has increased, and led to the risk of not having sufficient pension to support prolonged old age. Moreover, the government has implemented various annuity reforms for sound annuity finance and sustainable operation. As a result, the replacement rate will inevitably decrease in the future, and could affect the quality of life after retirement. In order to solve the problem that elderly people who have houses but no cash, the government introduced the policy of house-for-pension on 1st Mar. 2013. Based on the relevant literature and theoretically designed questionnaires for “House-for-Pension Program”,there were totally 717 valid questionnaires that collected Taiwanese citizens’ cognition of “house-for-pension”. The three aspects, “financial costs ", “social welfare" and "life security" were summarized to explore the differences between an individual’s background versus the three aspects. The empirical analysis of this study is as follows: First, the factor analysis extracts a total of three factors: financial costs, social welfare and living security. When the “house-for-pension” policy or financial products are implemented, these three factors must be taken into considering simultaneously in order to optimize the policies or commodities with Taiwan’s conditions. Second, the results of the difference analysis show that in addition to gender variables, the rest such as policies understanding, marriage, region, age, children and the proportion of real estates in all property have not reached a significant level of variance. Based on the findings, financial cost is the key to design policy or financial products.they will suggest references for the authorities concerned to come out more comprehensive planning, and for people in need or potentially in need of retirement plan to consult and understand so as to be better financially secured for the old age.
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