摘要
近年來景觀計量方法已大量運用於景觀生態學的研究與實務規畫當中，希望能藉由景觀計量方法尋求客觀地描述景觀，以取代人為的主觀評估。而景觀生態學已發展出各種量化景觀零碎化的方法，用來評估景觀零碎化的嚴重程度以及做為區域空間規劃、環境品質、生物多樣性與永續發展的指標。 本研究選擇二十種與景觀零碎化相關的景觀指數，分別為：最大綴塊周長(PERIM_MAX)、最大綴塊周長面積比(PARA_MAX)、最大綴塊形狀指數(SHAPE_MAX)、最大綴塊碎形維度(FRAC_MAX)、最大綴塊鄰近度指數(PROX_MAX)、最大綴塊最小鄰距(ENN_MAX)、綴塊數目(NP)、綴塊密度(PD)、最大綴塊指數(LPI)、平均綴塊面積(AREA_MN)、總邊緣長度(TE)、邊緣密度(ED)、平均周長面積比(PARA_MN)、平均綴塊形狀指數(SHAPE_MN)、平均綴塊碎形維度(FRAC_MN)、平均最小鄰距(ENN_MN)、平均鄰近度指數(PROX_MN)、景觀分割度指數(DIVISION)、有效網格大小(MESH)、聚集度指數(CONTAG)作為研究對象。 本研究應用中性景觀模型滲透閾值計算模組Path程式產生不同尺度、不同棲地面積比之簡單隨機地圖，用來模擬各種不同程度之景觀零碎化現象。再使用空間格局分析程式Fragstats計算選出之二十種指數，並對計算結果進行分析，探討在棲地零碎化過程中，景觀指數與棲地面積比之關係。研究成果可做為景觀監測實務應用上選擇指數以及解釋成果之參考。
並列摘要
In recent years, the landscape metrics have been widely used in landscape ecology research and planning practices. It is expected that one can describe the landscape objectively by using landscape metrics, therefore can replace the human subjective assessment. Landscape ecology has developed a variety of methods to quantify landscape fragmentation. These are used to assess the severity of landscape fragmentation and used as indicators in assessing regional spatial planning, environmental quality, biodiversity and sustainable development. In this study, twenty landscape fragmentation indices were selected respectively, these are: Perimeter of largest patch(PERIM_MAX), Perimeter-Area Ratio of largest patch(PARA_MAX), Shape Index of largest patch(SHAPE_MAX), Fractal Dimension Index of largest patch(FRAC_MAX), Proximity Index of largest patch(PROX_MAX), Euclidean Nearest Neighbor of largest patch(ENN_MAX), Number of Patches(NP), Patch Density(PD), Largest Patch Index(LPI), Mean Patch Area(AREA_MN), Total Edge(TE), Edge Density(ED), Mean Perimeter-Area Ratio(PARA_MN), Mean Shape Index(SHAPE_MN), Mean Fractal Dimension Index(FRAC_MN), Mean Euclidean Nearest Neighbor(ENN_MN), Mean Proximity Index(PROX_MN), Landscape Division Index(DIVISION), Effective Mesh Size(MESH) and Contagion(CONTAG). In this study, we generate simple random maps with varied map sizes and habitat area ratios by the neutral landscape model percolation threshold analysis software Path. Then, the spatial pattern analysis program Fragstats is used to compute twenty landscape indices, and the outputs are analized. The relationships between landscape index and habitat area ratio in the process of habitat fragmentation are explored. Research results can be used as a reference or guidance for selecting indices and interpretating the results in landscape monitoring practices.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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