從高雄81氣爆事件探討國軍執行災害應變機制

Study of Armed Forces Disaster Response Mechanism In the “81 Kaohsiung explosion” Incident

姚樂輝(Le-Huei Yao)

指導教授 ： 劉鴻陞

義守大學/管理學院/公共政策與管理學系/碩士(2018年)

摘要

依據「災害防救法」在災害防救的範疇中，主要區分「災害預防」，「災害應變」與「災後復原重建」三階段，災害應變是最具挑戰，最具急迫性，最需要動用國軍人力與資源的階段，因此本研究著眼於「災害應變」階段，研究目的有三，第一釐清國軍在災害應變時應扮演的角色，期有助各級政府與國軍執行災害應變時確認彼此的主從關係；第二確認部隊執行災害應變之作業流程，將有助了解國軍執行災害應變時接受申請支援或主動執行應變的程序；第三了解國軍執行災害應變的資訊傳遞體系，有助提升執行災害應變時的整體效益。
以高雄81氣爆陸戰隊參與災害應變機制為主題，進行文獻分析及深度訪談，深度訪談9位受訪人員皆為實際參予81氣爆陸戰隊救災任務人員，包含各級應變中心值勤人員2人，部隊指揮官5人以及各級聯絡官聯絡官2人，所獲得之資料採內容分析法，針對研究問題進行資料分析。
研究結論有三，「執行災害應變期間，國軍應扮演主動應變，也扮演輔助支援的角色」、「重大災害發生期間，部隊執行災害應變之作業流程係依國軍三級災防指揮機制，與中央/地方政府三級制雙軌並行」、「目前重大災害發生期間，國軍執行災害應變資訊傳遞體系是採取國軍原有指揮管制機制為主」，並提出三點研究建議供政府執行災害應變之參考運用，「強化國軍主動應變救災部隊防護裝具」、「深化災害防救演習，賡續磨練軍民合作機制」、「賡續完善地方政府與救災部隊間災害應變資訊傳遞體系」。

關鍵字

災害應變 ； 國軍災害應變機制 ； 災防三級制

並列摘要

Based on the Disaster Prevention and Protection Act, there are three main phases in the category of Disaster Prevention and Protection: Disaster Prevention, Disaster Response, and Post Disaster Recovery & Reconstruction. “Disaster Response” is the phase full of challenge, urgency and most armed forces manpower and resources needed. Therefore, this research focuses on the phase of “Disaster Response” and has three objectives. First one is to clarify the role Armed Forces played during Disaster Response which would help governments at all levels and Armed Forces confirm the client-server relation while executing Disaster Response. Second objective is to verify the operation procedure while implementing Disaster Response which would help Armed Forces aware the procedure when accepting application for support or active initiation of Disaster Response. The last is to understand the information transfer mechanism used in Disaster Response which would improve the overall efficiency in the period of Disaster Response.
Take the Disaster Response mechanism of Marine Corps attending the “81 Kaohsiung explosion” as the subject for documentation analysis and in-depth interview. The researcher extensively interviewed Marine Corps who participated the “81 Kaohsiung explosion” disaster rescue mission, including 2 duty officers from Emergency Response Center, 5 troop commanders, and 2 liaison officers. The information acquired from the interviews was analyzed by content analysis and the data analysis was from direct questions related to this research.
There are three conclusions in this research. First, Armed Forces should actively response and assistive support when disaster occurs. Second, during the period of major disasters, troops execute operation procedure of Disaster Response based on Armed Forces three-tier command mechanism of disaster protection simultaneously with the three-tier command mechanism of the central and local governments. Third, during current major disasters, the information transfer mechanism of Armed Forces Disaster Response is mainly adopted the original Armed Forces command and control mechanism. There are also three recommendations from this research for government’s reference and implementation on Disaster Response: advance protection equipment of Armed Forces on actively disaster response and rescue troops; widely and deeply spread disaster protection exercises and continue to train military-civilian cooperation mechanism; proceed to improve the Disaster Response information transfer mechanism between local governments and rescue troops.

並列關鍵字

Disaster Response ； Armed Forces Disaster Response mechanism ； Three-tier system of disaster protection

參考文獻

一、中文部分

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中央災害防救會報 (2016)。中央至地方防救體系架構。取自中央災害防救會報網址https://www.cdprc.ey.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=AB16E464A4CA3650

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