應用德爾菲法於可攜式學童舒壓背包之設計

Applying Delphi Method In The Design Of A Portable Pressure - Relieving Backpack For Elementary School Children

張慈玲(Tzu-Zing Chang)

指導教授 ： 孫志彬

義守大學/管理學院/工業管理學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2014.00358

摘要

就學兒童所背負的書包重量與身體健康的影響程度有非常大的影響力，並且受到教育學界有關單位的注重。對於背包的使用是否會造成身體不適，間接影響到背部拉傷，嚴重會導致長期性的背部問題。人因學界積極導入學童背包設計，政府與教育學界鼓勵優先採購學童背包設計的產品，例如雙肩式背包。為了因應學童所背負之書包課題，因此本研究目標是建立一套評估人因工學的背包設計架構方法。研究方法首先蒐集就學兒童所背負的書包資料並設計績效評量問卷，透過德爾菲法之比較分析兒童所背負的背包設計構面之權重，再運用專家權重法評估，進一步釐清構面間之因果關係。研究成果可應用於雙肩式背包設計。採用CCR進行兒童背包績效分析，透過專家權重法與效率值來獲取學童背包設計方案之成效，並減少身體背部整體的傷害。

關鍵字

人因工學 ； 使用者導向設計 ； 德爾菲法 ； 學童舒壓背包 ； CCR效率值評估

並列摘要

The weight of schoolbags has a significant connection to pupils’ health, an issue of concern to the educational circles. Ergonomics is considered by schoolbag designers; they try to customize the bags. The government and educational circles also prefer to purchase such double-shoulder-strap backpacks. For understanding the positive and negative impact of the weight on children, a test of the ergonomics was carried out to explore the framework of backpack designs, the cause of backache and the serious consequent condition of scoliosis the back becomes"C" or "S" shaped or humpback. First, the researcher distributed questionnaires to experts in order to acquire their viewpoints concerning backpack designs. From the collected data on ordinary schoolbags, the questionnaires were evaluated, and analyzed by using the Delphi method. A level structure diagram was divided into twenty design elements and four perspectives: appearance requirement, function requirement, material requirement and price requirement. Based on these twenty design elements, four backpack designs were proposed (A: standard cartoon design, B: standard design, C: ordinary design for growth and D: branded design of growth). The maximum performance value of each design element with CCR efficiency evaluation method was calculated. Besides, the expert weighting method was also used to ascertain the relative importance degree of the four perspectives, i.e. weighted value of appearance requirement, function requirement, material requirement and price requirement. Furthermore, the maximum performance value and the weighted value of the perspectives were multiplied; consequently, its result is considered as the best backpack design. It is hoped that the design can reduce backache for schoolchildren.

並列關鍵字

ergonomics ； user-oriented design ； Delphi method ； pressure relief backpack for schoolchildren ； CCR efficiency evaluation

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