加裝濾煙器對柴油車排放空氣污染物影響研究

Effects of Diesel Particulate Filter on Air Pollutant Emissionsfrom Diesel Vehicles

黃景良(Jing-Liang Huang)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究將三種不同濾煙器分別裝設於三部重型柴油車(兩部中程行駛及一部長程行駛)及六部垃圾清潔車輛上，探討濾煙器對柴油車排放空氣污染物之影響。測試車輛於裝設濾煙器前後皆進行傳統空氣污染物 (黑煙、CO、HC、NO) 及16種多環芳香烴碳氫化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)量測，並於實際行駛特定里程後量測上述空氣污染物排放濃度以瞭解長程使用後濾煙器之劣化情況。空氣污染物之檢測於排煙動力站進行，粒狀物相及氣相PAHs分別以濾紙及以PUF與XAD-16樹脂組成之套筒收集經前處理後以GC/MS分析。研究結果顯示，在重型柴油車輛方面，當測試車輛使用pDPF後，黑煙、CO、HC、及NO之平均排放濃度分別為3.3%、0.01%、3.3 ppm及1161 ppm，較未裝設pDPF前分別降低85.8%、75.0%及80.9%，但NO濃度則上升27.9%。未裝設pDPF三部測試車輛PAHs排放濃度分別為562、760與473 μg/m3，裝設後排放濃度為107、95與118 μg/m3，綜觀PAHs削減率在75.1%~87.5%間，裝設pDPF後可有效降低傳統空氣污染物與PAHs的排放。裝設pDPF後三部測試車輛實際長途行駛後再量測上述空氣污染物排放濃度，結果顯示傳統空氣污染物與PAHs排放仍明顯較未裝設低，顯示長途行駛後pDPF對空氣污染物仍具明顯削減效果。在垃圾清潔車輛方面，當車輛裝設濾煙器後，黑煙、CO及HC之平均排放濃度分別為9.0%、0.06%、10.7 ppm及600.8 ppm，較未裝設濾煙器前分別降低88.9%、91.7%及15.9%，但NO濃度則上升47.9%。未裝設濾煙器六部垃圾清潔車輛PAHs排放濃度分別為15.1、19.5、1.6、0.5、18.7及14.1 μg/m3，裝設後排放濃度為5.6、16.2、1.2、0.3、10.0及14.0 μg/m3，綜觀PAHs削減率在0.7%~62.9%間，顯示裝設濾煙器後部分車輛去除效率不如預期，但多數車輛皆可有效降低PAHs的排放。

關鍵字

黑煙 ； 柴油車 ； 濾煙器 ； 懸浮微粒 ； 多環芳香烴化合物

並列摘要

Three different diesel particulate filters were installed on heavy-duty diesel vehicles and garbage trucks in this study. Traditional air pollutants (smoke, CO, HC, NO) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured before and after the DPFs were installed. The measurements were also conducted after long-term driving to realize the effects of deterioration. Particulate and gas phase PAHs were collected by filter and PUF/XAD-16 cartridge and were analyzed with GC/MS after extraction. The results show that the average concentrations of smoke, CO, HC and NO are 3.3%, 0.01%, 3.3 ppm, and 1161 ppm, respectively, after the pDPF were installed. The average reduction percentages are 85.8%, 75.0%, 80.9%, but NO increase about 27.9%, respectively. The PAH concentrations for the 3 vehicles are 562, 760 and 473 μg/m3 before pDPF installation. After installation, PAH concentrations are 107, 95 and 97.3 μg/m3, respectively. The reduction percentages are 75.1-87.5%. The results show that pDPF can reduce the emissions of both traditional air pollutants and PAHs effectively. After long-term driving, the emissions of the above air pollutants were measured. The results show that the concentrations are still much lower than those before pDPF installed, indicating the pDPF is effective after long-term driving. For garbage trucks, the results show that the average concentrations of smoke, CO, HC and NO are 9.0%, 0.06%, 10.7 ppm, and 600.8 ppm, respectively, after the pDPFs were installed. The average reduction percentages are 88.9%, 91.7%, 15.9%, but NO increase about 47.9%, respectively. The PAH concentrations for the 6 trucks are 15.1, 19.5, 1.6, 0.5, 18.7 and 14.1 μg/m3 before DPF installation. After installation, PAH concentrations are 5.6, 16.2, 1.2, 0.3, 10.0 and 14.0 μg/m3, respectively. The installation of DPF on the trucks can reduce 0.7-62.9% PAH emission.

並列關鍵字

Diesel-powered vehicle ； diesel particulate filter ； smoke ； particulate matter ； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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