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  • 學位論文

螢光生物法檢測台灣自來水有機汙染物毒性

Fluorescence bioassay toxicity of organic pollutants in tap water in Taiwan

指導教授 : 王順成
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摘要


本研究利用化學分析與螢光測試法(Microtox)檢測台灣2009板新水廠、豐原水廠、福興水廠與鳳山水廠之枯水期與豐水期原水與清水消毒副產物 (三鹵甲烷、鹵乙酸、壬基酚、雙酚A )之成分及其生物毒性。同時檢測各消毒副產物原體之螢光生物毒性,用以比對各自來水廠之各枯水期及豐水期之原水與清水中消毒副產物生物毒性標準。自來水廠水樣採用固相萃取法,以TC-18萃取管柱萃取,利用分離、萃取方式以去除干擾物質,萃取之水樣,利用Microtox及化學分析檢測水樣有機物質成分及生物毒性。 實驗結果顯示,水中消毒副產物毒性在品保標準下,螢光生物法之毒性強弱依序是環境荷爾蒙>鹵乙酸>三鹵甲烷,5分鐘急毒性EC50值最高是三鹵甲烷類的三氯甲烷>5000 mg/l,最低是環境荷爾蒙類的壬基酚2.2 mg/l,結果中證實壬基酚生物毒性最強,三氯甲烷生物毒性最弱。原水加氯消毒後產生的副產物成份含量依序是三鹵甲烷>鹵乙酸>環境荷爾蒙,與毒性成反比,鹵乙酸在消毒副產物中所佔量次多,毒性比三鹵甲烷高8~10倍。所以最需要注意的是鹵乙酸在水中加氯消毒的生成。 2009年台灣四個自來水淨水廠於豐、枯水期之各水廠之原、清水之Microtox檢測結果,顯示各自來水淨水廠依Microtox偵測法均不含毒性,枯水期鳳山之原水及豐原水之EC20值分別為43.09 μl及52.70 μl,僅顯示豐原、鳳山之原水水質較福興、板新之原水質較佳,清水水質均安全穩定。 豐水期之EC50及EC20值,顯示各自來水淨水廠原、清水均未達EC50值,顯示各自來水淨水廠綜合化合物,此濃度範圍內,對人體健康影響潛勢較不明顯,鳳山水廠之原水之EC20值較板新豐原及福興淨水廠比較,顯示鳳山水廠之原水之EC20值較板新、豐原及福興水質較佳,但清水各廠水質均未達EC20顯示各自來水淨水廠,清水水質均佳。 枯水期各廠原、清水毒性普遍高於豐水期各廠,原因可能是因為枯水期降雨量較低導致原水中物質有濃縮現象,豐水期雨量較佳原水反而會比枯水期濃度要來的低。

並列摘要


In this research, Bensin Water Treatment Plant, Fong-yuan Water Treatment Plant, Fusing Water Treatment Plant and Fongshan Water Treatment Plant dry season and flood season concentration of disinfection by products trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) , nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A ( BPA) by chemical analysis and fluorescence bioassay (Microtox) in raw water and hydrophile''s were detected. And research also focus on technical grade of disinfection by products as the standards for the detection fluorescence bioassay toxicity of raw water and purified water in each water treated plant at dry and flood season for further advanced study. Tap water sample were through extraction process by TC-18 extraction column in solid phase extraction method. Achieve separation, extracion and removal of interfering substances at the same time. After extraction , the water sample were tested by Microtox (fluorescence bioassay) method. The results showed toxicity with the water disinfection by-product under quality control standards, the fluorescence bioassay toxicity order of the strength of the EHs> HAAs> THMs, 5 minutes maximum value of acute toxicity EC50 is like THMs’s chloroform (CHCl3)>5000 mg/l, The lowest EHs of NP 2.2 mg/l, the results confirmed that most of NP toxicity, chloroform toxicity weakest. Raw water chlorination by-products resulting from the content are THMs > HAAs> EHs, and biotoxicity is inversely, proportional to HAAs disinfection by-products in the share volume times more toxic than the high THMs 8 -10 times. So the most important to note were that HAAs formation of chlorination in the water treatment. The Microtox test results in dry season and flood season at Taiwan''s 4 water purification factory in 2009, show that the water purification factory test by Microtox detection method are non-toxic. The raw water in Fongshan and the water in Fong-yuan''s EC20 values are 43.09 μl and 52.70 μl, and only show Fong-yuan and Fongshan''s raw water quality better than Fusing and Bensin''s. The hydrophile quality both are stability. EC50 and EC20 of the flood season, show the pruification factory''s raw water and hydrophile were not reached to EC50 values.Indicating the field of integrated water purification compounds, the concentration range of potential human health effects were less obvious, The EC20 of Fongshan Water Treatment Plant''s raw water compare Bensin, Fong-yuan and Fusing''s Water Treatment Plant, shows up the EC20 of Fongshan Water Treatment Plant''s raw water quality better than Bensin、Fong-yuan and Fusing. But the hydrophile are all not up to EC20, shows up all water factories, water''s quality are good. The water toxicity in dry season is higher than flood season generally, The reason could be the rainfall is low, and caused the substances in raw water has concentrated, instead the raw water of flood season''s rainfall lower than dry season.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


蔡國拱(2013)。合成奈米銀複合光觸媒降解水中壬基苯酚及利用Microtox法評估毒性效應〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2712201314043016

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