台灣鋼筋工工作時之生理負荷

Physiological loads of steel assembling work in Taiwan.

朱智瑋(Chin-Wei Chu)

指導教授 ： 鄭道明

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

目前台灣經濟發展之迅速，各營造廠及建設公司競爭激烈，將工作效率與縮短工期視為要務，常未將勞工工作時間適當安排，而導致勞工因工作負荷大，產生疲勞或過勞之現象。過去有關人體能量代謝研究發現，人體一旦執行有關之體力工作，能量消耗就會不斷提升，在勞工作業時，身體能量消耗的多寡會隨著工作負荷之輕重而有所變化。營建業之工作有許多是屬重體力之工作，其中又以鋼筋作業是屬較重負荷之工作。
避免過度疲勞之最佳做法為適度休息，需求休息時間和工作負荷有關，而工作負荷可以耗氧量代表之，故量測各項作業之耗氧量，可提供給業界能妥善安排休息時間之參考。但我國針對營造業在此方面的研究相當有限，為使我國營造業確實有效的進行合理之勞工指派，針對我國營造業各種作業項目工作負荷之調查實有其必要性。
本研究以工地現場量測方式，共找尋到9位受測者進行鋼筋、鋼板與鷹架組立等作業項目，進行工作時之心搏率與耗氧量量測。量測結果顯示，在平均心搏率分別鋼筋作業為105±11(beat/min)；鋼板作業為112±22(beat/min)；鷹架作業為84.49±4(beat/min)；在平均耗氧量方面分別鋼筋作業為0.96±0.21(L/min)；鋼板作業為1.23±0.20(L/min)；鷹架作業為0.68±0.10(L/min)。

關鍵字

耗氧量 ； 生理負荷 ； 心搏率

並列摘要

At present, Taiwan’s economic development grows rapidly. Due to keen competition, every construction factory and architectural company has viewed work efficiency and construction time reduction as the first priority. Usually, laborers’ work schedules are not arranged properly, resulting in too heavy work load for laborers and making them feel tired or exhausted. According to previous research findings regarding human body energy metabolism, once a human body begins to operate physical work, energy expenditure will increase continuously.
During a labor operation, the extent of body energy expenditure will change depending on the magnitude of work load. In the construction industry, physical strength is emphasized in many jobs.Among them, steel bar operation is the one with heavier work load.
Taking a rest properly is the best way to prevent extreme fatigue. The required rest time has relations with work load. Work load can be shown by means of oxygen consumption. Thus, the measurement of oxygen consumption in every operation can provide the industry with reference for arranging rest time properly. However, in our country, there are limited researches on this aspect in the construction industry. In order to let our country’s construction industry implement reasonable labor assignment effectively indeed, it is necessary to undertake a survey aimed at the work load in various kinds of operation items in our country’s construction industry.
In this study, by means of in-situ measurement in a construction site, 9 subjects were found and asked to perform the operation items such as steel bar, steel plate, and scaffold construction, and receive the measurement of heartbeat rate and oxygen consumption during their work. The measurement results indicated: As for average heartbeat rate, it was 105±11(beat/min) during the steel bar operation, 112±22(beat/min) during the steel plate operation, and 84.49±4(beat/min) during the scaffold construction operation respectively; in terms of average oxygen consumption, it was 0.96±0.21 (L/min) during the steel bar operation, 1.23±0.20(L/min) during the steel plate operation, and 0.68±0.10(L/min) during the scaffold construction operation respectively.

並列關鍵字

physiological load ； heartbeat rate ； oxygen consumption

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