抬舉及卸下作業物件尺寸改變之上肢生物力學分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Upper Extremity on Lifting and Lowering Tasks with the Dimension Change of Objects

杭良政(Liang-Cheng Hang)

指導教授 ： 李正隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/工業工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在人工物料搬運中，抬舉與卸下為常見的搬運作業，而搬運時的物件尺寸可能並不相同，因而影響搬運姿勢與身體肌肉施力，造成肌肉骨骼傷害。本研究主要目的在於探討搬運作業時物件箱長度改變，對於手部施力情況及上肢肌電訊號的變化。
本研究利用肌電訊號量測模組及三軸力荷重計，收集15位受測者上肢肌群肌電訊號(Electromyography, EMG)、手部抬舉時產生之三軸作用力等資料。搬運型態包括抬舉作業與卸下作業及搬運3種物件尺寸，共6種作業型態。利用實驗室開發的Motion Processor軟體，處理並計算各肌群EMG之均方根及%MVC。三軸作用力方面，則計算其合力與峰值，以觀察三軸作用力之趨勢。
結果顯示，進行抬舉作業時物件尺寸改變，對右手肱橈肌之EMG%MVC有顯著影響，進行卸下作業時左手肱二頭肌之EMG%MVC有顯著差異。抬舉握距56公分箱子時，左手及右手上斜方肌施力均大於50%MVC，卸下時肱二頭肌也超過50%MVC，因此不適合用於搬運作業。卸下握距18公分箱子時，4條肌群EMG%MVC均小於40%MVC，為3種尺寸中較佳者。手部作用力方面，不論抬舉或卸下作業，物件尺寸改變對三軸作用力均無顯著之影響。

關鍵字

物件尺寸 ； 肌電訊號 ； 手部作用力 ； 人工物料搬運

並列摘要

In manual materials handling, the lifting and lowering operations for the common handling tasks, and handling time may not be the same object size, thus affecting the position and muscle force on the body, resulting in musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the hand exertion and muscle activity of upper limbs when dimension change of objects during handling operations.
An experiment was conducted to collect the biomechanical behavior of upper extremities in the laboratory where two 3-component force transducers and EMG system were performed. Fifteen subjects were recruited and 6 task patterns, which were the combinations of 3 dimension change of objects, 2 handling tasks (lifting and lowering), were designed and performed in the experiment. The software of Motion Processor developed in the laboratory was used to compute the root mean square and percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the tested muscles. The resultant and peak forces obtained from 3-component force transducers were also calculated and observed.
The results show that for lifting task when the dimension change of objects, the right brachioradialis muscle EMG %MVC were significantly affected, for lowering task, the left biceps muscle EMG %MVC were significantly different. Lifting length 56cm box, the left and right upper trapezius muscle activity on greater than 50% MVC, when lowering task, the left and right biceps muscle activity also exceeded 50% MVC, therefore not suitable for handling tasks. When lowering length 18cm box, the four muscles EMG %MVC was less than 40% MVC, for the three kinds of dimension in the better one. No significant d ifference for 3-component forces was shown when the task were changed.

並列關鍵字

Hand Exertion ； EMG ； Object Dimension ； Manual Materials Handling

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