鹼及超音波水解對污泥減量及提昇消化效能之研究

Alkali and Ultrasonic Hydrolysis to Reduce Sludge Amount and Promote Digestion Potential

吳璽文(Hsi-Wen Wu)

指導教授 ： 莊順興

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究主要目的為針對都市污水處理廠初沉污泥及廢棄活性污泥進行三種不同水解前處理技術(鹼、超音波與鹼併同超音波)之探討，比較水解後產物產氣之特性，期能透過水解技術將固體性有機物破碎，提升微生物利用的效率，增加厭氧產氣效益。
試驗結果發現TS 4 %初沉污泥經pH 12鹼水解後，其SS削減2510 mg/L並有3732 mg/L的SCOD溶出，每單位污泥之有機物溶出量為 1.49 g SCOD/g SS，而以超音波(約0.1 kW)水解30 min有3785 mg/L的SS削減，並有3708 mg/L的SCOD溶出，溶出量為0.98 g SCOD/g SS；若將鹼水解再搭配超音波水解30 min，可使SS削減13205 mg/L並有16072 mg/L的SCOD溶出，溶出量為1.22 g SCOD/g SS。廢棄活性污泥經pH 12鹼水解30 min後，其SS削減2985 mg/L並有4632 mg/L的SCOD溶出，每單位污泥之有機物溶出量為1.55 g SCOD/g SS，而以超音波水解30 min有2475 mg/L的SS削減，並有2948 mg/L的SCOD溶出，溶出量為1.19 g SCOD/g SS；若將鹼水解搭配超音波水解30 min，可使SS削減14820 mg/L並有5018 mg/L的SCOD溶出，溶出量為0.34 g SCOD/g SS。
由以上結果可說明，廢棄活性污泥經鹼水解後有較初沉污泥高的固體物減量及SCOD溶出效果，初沉污泥則在超音波水解有較佳成效，鹼併同超音波對兩種污泥的固體物減量效益接近，但廢棄活性污泥因細胞結構損壞並行褐變反應，其產生溶解性有機物質明顯低於初沉污泥。溶解性氮、磷成份亦在水解過程中被釋出至水體中。將TS 4 %污泥以NaOH調整pH至12進行鹼水解，所需之鹼劑量約為70 meq/L，超音波水解30 min之電力約需5.5×10-2 kWh/L。

關鍵字

水解 ； 污泥減量 ； 消化 ； 厭氧產氣

並列摘要

The main purpose of this research is to study three different hydrolysis pretreatment methods (Alkali, Ultrasonic, and Alkali with Ultrasonic)on primary sludge and waste activated sludge inside metropolitan sewage treatment plant to compare the characteristics of gas production from hydrolysis. It is hoped that the anaerobic gas produce rate can be increased through breaking solid organic materials with the hydrolysis methods.
The test result discovers that by hydrolyzing primary sludge of 4% total solids with pH12,its suspended solids(SS)are decreased of 2,510 mg/L and dissolved in 3,732 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 1.49g SCOD/g SS. While hydrolyzing by Ultrasonic (about 0.1 kW) for 30 minutes, its SS are decreased of 3,785 mg/L and dissolved in 3,708 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 0.98 g SCOD/g SS. If hydrolyzing by alkali with ultrasonic for 30 minutes, its SS are decreased of 13,205 mg/L and dissolved in 16,072 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 1.22g SCOD/g SS.
By hydrolyzing waste activated sludge with pH12 alkaline for 30 minutes, its SS are decreased of 2,985 mg/L and dissolved in 4,632 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 1.55g SCOD/g SS. While hydrolyzing by Ultrasonic for 30 minutes, its SS are decreased of 2,475 mg/L and dissolved in 2,948 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 1.19g SCOD/g SS. If hydrolyzing by alkali with Ultrasonic for 30 minutes,its SS are decreased of 14,820 mg/L and dissolved in 5,018 mg/L of SCOD, the production of dissolved organic from each suspended solid is 0.34g SCOD/g SS.
From test result above, it explains that after being hydrolyzed by alkaline, the waste activated sludge performs better than primary sludge in decreasing suspended solids and SCOD dissolving. However, the primary sludge acts better in Ultrasonic hydrolysis. The alkaline with Ultrasonic hydrolysis method provides similar result of SS decreasing volume to both sludges. Yet, the waste activated sludge has browning reaction caused by damage of cell structure, its dissolute organic materials are obviously lesser than that of the primary sludge. The ammonia and phosphorus are released to water during the hydrolysis process. By hydrolyzing activated sludge of 4% total solids with NaOH adjusted to pH12, the required alkali volume is approximately 70 meq/L, the required electricity for ultrasonic hydrolysis for 30 minutes is approximately 5.5×10-2 kWh/L.

並列關鍵字

Digestion ； Hydrolisis ； Anaerobic gas production ； Reduce sludge amount

參考文獻

Ahmed, S. U. and H. Mogens, “Biological hydrolysis and acidification of sludge under anaerobic conditions: The effect of sludge type and origin on the production and composition of volatile fatty acids,” Water research 42 (2008) 3729–3738.

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Bougrier, C., H. Carrerr, and J. P. Delgenes, Solubilization of waste-activated sludge by ultrasound treatment, Chem. Eng. J. 106,165-169, 2005.

英文文獻