以環境規劃觀點探討風水選址的環境評估要素

The Study on The Composition of Feng Shui From Environmental Planning Perspective

莊晉忠(Jin-Jhong Jhunag)

指導教授 ： 謝維芳

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩博士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

風水是自古至今流傳於東方的一種擇吉處而居的選址方式，它對於中國人選址築城乃至於造葬興廟都有著深遠的影響，然而風水經多年發展，仍給人艱深難懂、神秘複雜的感覺，從環境觀點來看，風水主要的選址模式可經龍、砂、水、穴、向等要素判讀其優劣，進而推選出最適宜的居住環境，此點與西方的環境規劃學有諸多相似可互相對照之處。近年來環境規劃開始注重人與自然環境的關係，在規劃時，常會以尊重自然、與自然共存為主要目標，並且會因土地的環境特性或是活動使用的需求來決定開發的方式，因此十分強調地形、土壤、水文、氣候、植被等自然環境的分析。有鑒於兩者在環境分析上的微妙關聯，本研究希望透過環境規劃理論之觀點，針對地區的環境特徵來了解環境中風水的內涵，嘗試解析風水繁雜的選址理論，讓從事環境規劃者能有個符合風水智慧的評估依循。
本研究經文獻回顧彙整前人研究，初擬定二十九項評估要素及六項評估指標，並藉由模糊德爾菲專家群體決策，收集群體專家意見，建構出「地形」、「水文」、「植被」、「地質」、「氣候條件」、「格局」六項指標，及二十五項影響要素。研究結果發現，指標中風水首重環境「格局」，其次是「地形」再來是「水文」， 從層級相對權重值來看，這三項指標的加總可獲取0.7001的權重值，佔總評值的70%。而從評估要素來看，研究結果中最顯著的為「水形」、「山的走勢」、「山形」、「河川的相對位置」四項要素。
綜合來說，風水強調大環境中自然形成的地形特徵，尤其以山、水的形態為審視優劣的主要評估要素，其次是要素位於空間的佈局位置，以及環境的比例關係，因此可以說是，只要掌握環境的形態及比例原則，穴地的大小便不是這麼的重要。

關鍵字

評估要素 ； 環境規劃 ； 風水選址 ； 模糊德爾菲

並列摘要

The Feng Shui is a method has been around for a long time in eastern countries for site selection. It has exerted too great an influence of Chinese people on site seletion and temple construction. Although the Feng Shui has developed for several years, it still in the recondite and mysterious areas. From an environmental point of view, the primary way to select the site can analyze the advantage and shortcoming based on five factors , Dragon, Hill, Water, Meridian spot and Direction. Furthermore, optimize the most suitable living environment. There are many similarities and comparisons between the Feng Shui and the environmental planning in wastern countries. In recent years, the environmental planning begins to focus on the relationship between the human and the nature. The main aim of the planning is respect and coexist with nature. The develop mode is decided by the environmental characteristics of lands or the demand of activities. Therefore, it is a great emphasis on the analysis of the natural environment such as topography, soil, hydrology, climate, vegetation, etc. In views of the delicate association between these two on the environmental analysis, this study intends to comprehend the theoretical meanings of the Feng Shui from the environmental characteristics of the regions based on the viewpoint of environmental planning.
According to the theories, the Feng Shui application model is build and can be a reference for environmental planners. This study reviewed the literatures and make twenty-nine assessment elements and six assessment indicators tentatively. Fuzzy Delphi method expert decision was used to evaluate the elements and indicators, "terrain", "hydrology", "vegetation", "geology", "climate", "pattern" of six indicators and twenty-five elements were selected. The results show that the first of all the environmental indicators is "pattern", secondly is "terrain" , than is "Hydrology". The total weight of these three indicators are 0.7001, is 70% of the total assessment value. The top four key elements are "water shape", "mountain trend," "mountain shape" and "the relative position of the river" in the assessment elements.
In general, the great emphasis of the Feng Shui is the topographic features, especially the shapes of the mountain and water as a main assessment element. The next is the element location in the space , and the proportional relation between environment. To master the shapes and the principle of proportionality is more important than the land areas.

並列關鍵字

Evaluation Factor ； Environmental Planning ； Fuzzy Delphi Method ； Feng Shui Site

參考文獻

58.曾梓維，2011，“風水理論在住宅庭園景觀規劃設計之應用”，屏東：國立屏東科技大學景觀暨遊憩管理研究所，碩士論文。

86.顏夷伯，2013，“民俗風水對建築規劃設計影響之研究”，臺南：國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文。

53.陳怡錡，2009，“中小企業產業群聚網站之評估模式研究”，臺北：國立臺北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所，碩士論文。

68.楊嘉輝，2012，“以AHP法評估國民中小學推動綠色低碳校園應用順序之研究”，臺中：朝陽科技大學建築及都市設計研究所，碩士論文。

9.王其亨，1992，《風水理論研究（一）》，初版，臺北：地景企業股份有限公司。