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  • 學位論文

台中市社區公園夜間照明品質與調查

A Survey of the Quality of Lighting at Night-time Community Parks in Taichung City

指導教授 : 郭柏巖
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摘要


隨著經濟進步與社會變遷的關係,濫用燈具與不當設置照明皆產生光害。如何降低戶外照明眩光的問題,並使用合理的照明設計及燈具樣式,是極欲解決的問題。本研究以台中市8個社區公園為研究樣本,針對其使用之燈具種類、數量、間距及周邊環境做實地調查,透過實測分析公園內部夜間照明狀況,以瞭解社區公園戶外環境照明品質。 台中市社區公園是提供居民日常遊憩之最小社交性聚會構成單元。大小為4-20公頃,服務半徑為1.5km。因當今現況社區公園燈具內燈罩遮光不完全及隨意設置燈具等,造成眩光、照度不均與輝度過強等情形。根據實測結果分析得知,各社區公園內的背景亮度相差不多;戶外眩光指數以文心森林公園內部設施之公園旁步道戶外眩光值(53.56)最高;部分公園步道地面平均照度都比規範高出2-4倍,因燈具燈罩不完全與路燈間距密度過高而致;輝度以台中公園與文心森林公園輝度值高於規範1.5倍,因輝度過高,顯示燈具溢散光過多,易有眩光發生。 最後藉照明設計軟體DIALux模擬步道照明在不同照明條件與燈具型式下,計算出戶外眩光指數與地面水平平均照度,與現有公園步道實測值比較分析。結果顯示在柱燈方面:使用直接型燈具做單側排列在步道寬度3m與燈具間距5m最佳;路燈方面:在步道寬度3m與燈具間距15m、步道寬度5m與燈具間距10m及步道寬度10m與燈具間距10m之步道條件下使用直接型燈具做雙側交叉排列是最好的設計方案,以上所述可作未來設計公園夜間照明步道依據。 為確保公園夜間照明品質優良,燈具選用要避免眩光的產生,可選擇具擋光裝置以降低輝度,避免強烈光源讓民眾感到刺眼;照度不足的地方,建議設置直接型燈具補足地面照度;燈具類型建議使用直接型或間接型燈具,以達到友善的夜間照明環境並減少光害發生。

並列摘要


With the recent social transformation and improved standard of living, widespread and improper lighting creates light pollution. The study aims to address the issue of glare reduction for outdoor lighting as well as to encourage the installation of lighting with fitting design and style. Eight community parks located in Taichung City were selected for the study, and a field study was conducted on the types and numbers of lighting fixtures available in these parks, as well as the distance interval between and the environment conditions in the proximity of these installations. The information collected on-site allows for an analysis of the lighting situation at night-time parks and a better understanding of the quality of lighting available in outdoor community parks. Taichung City community parks are the lowest-level components that comprise the public space available to residents for the purpose of recreation and social gatherings. They are four to twenty acres in size with a 1.5-kilometer radius of service. The present absence of proper light shade and random allocation of lighting installations lead to the problems of glare, uneven illumination and excessive brilliance. An analysis based on the field data reports that all community parks share similar background luminance. In terms of glare rating, Taichung Wen-Hsin Forest Park has the highest outdoor glare number at 53.56 for the area along the walking trail adjacent to the in-park facilities. The average illumination on the ground of walking trails in some parks are two to four times more intense than the regulation standard because the lighting installations are not properly shaded, and the distance interval between the street lamps are overly concentrated. In terms of brilliance, Taichung Park and Wen-Hsin Forest Park has the highest brilliance index at 1.5 times in excess of the regulation standard. The high brilliance is a sign of excessive spill light, frequently leading to glare. Finally, DIALux, a lighting design program, is used to simulate lighting along the trail with various lighting conditions and types of installations. The glare rating and the average ground-level illumination derived from the simulation data are compared with the index numbers measured on-site. The analysis concludes the following recommendations. For pillar light, direct lighting installations lining one side of a three-meter-wide walking trail with a five-meter interval in between the installations offers the most optimal illumination. On the other hand, direct lighting cross-lining both sides of a walking trail is the best design for the use of street lamps on three-meter-wide walking trails with a 15-meter interval in between, five-meter-wide trails with a 10-meter interval, and 10-meter-wide trails with 10-meter interval. The recommendations can be valuable references when the need for designing trail lighting at night-time parks arises in the future. To ensure the parks are properly lit at night time, lighting must be carefully selected to avoid glare. Light shades are recommended to reduce brilliance so the park users do not feel harsh on the eyes. For those areas with insufficient illumination, direct lighting is recommended to enhance illumination to the ground. For the types of installations, direct and indirect lighting installations are recommended to create a properly-lit night-time environment and prevent light pollution.

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