國小藝術與人文課程之工藝多媒體教材設計

Multimedia Design of Arts Curriculum in Elementary School：Craft as an Example

邱惠緞(Hei-Tuan Chiu)

指導教授 ： 林媛婉

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/設計研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

現行九年一貫課程「藝術與人文」學習領域裡，包括探索與表現、審美與理解以及實踐與運用三大目標。傳統工藝教學強調的是透過親身體驗與實際動手做，是感官的學習。但隨著資訊科技的蓬勃發展，e世代的學童在學習上，數位學習儼然已成為一必然的趨勢，藉由電腦鍵盤與滑鼠的觸碰，透過眼手的連結，不失為另一形式的動手操作。如何巧妙結合傳統工藝與科技教學，是本設計創作主要的研究議題。
筆者現職為國小教師，在超過十年的教學經驗裡，發現時下的學生無形中已被科技的聲光效果所眩惑而逐漸遺忘了動手做的樂趣與感動，並欠缺人文素養與藝術鑑賞的能力。傳統工藝教學強調的是透過親身體驗與實際動手做。根據筆者整理高年級的「藝術與人文」各個版本工藝的多媒體教材，發現現行的各版本內容較為鬆散且缺乏完整的架構，深度與廣度也較為不足，對站在教學第一線的教師而言，並不符合實際的教學需求。另外因缺乏遊戲與互動性也難以引起學生學習的動機與激發其學習興趣。國立台灣工藝研究所出版了一系列有關工藝的影音教材，拍攝及影音效果皆具專業水準，但內容多偏重技術的部份，並非針對國小「藝術與人文」課程中的工藝教學進行製作，因此無法搭配課程進行校外教學。
所以本創作嘗試以工藝研究所歷屆國家工藝獎作品與工藝相關資源為素材，並應用學習理論與相關軟體製作工藝多媒體教材。不同多媒體介面的教學模式可提升國小學童的學習動機，而多媒體本身就具有高互動性的特質，與數位學習的理念相符合。但是博物館的文物擁有實體不可取代的歷史美感與藝術價值，並非多媒體就可全然取代，因此嘗試以混成學習的方式以達到最佳的學習成效。期盼本多媒體教材能協助教師在教學上更得心應手，提升學生的學習成效，讓工藝精神向下紮根，使校園成為發展全民美學的搖籃，並對國小工藝教學及博物館教育的推廣有所助益。

關鍵字

工藝教學 ； 混成學習 ； 多媒體敎材設計 ； 國小「藝術與人文」

並列摘要

Three major goals have been set up for the “Arts and Humanities” learning area of the current Curriculum for Grades 1-9, i.e. Exploration and Performance, Appreciation and Understanding, and Practice and Application. The teaching of traditional crafts focuses on first-hand experiences and manual practice, therefore, the learning process of traditional crafts relies on sensory organs. However, it seems that digital learning has become an inevitable trend among e-generation students as the result of vigorous development of information technology. The touch with computer keyboard and mouse is nonetheless an alternate form of manual practice as it involves the coordination of hands and eyes. How to ingeniously incorporate technology into the teaching of traditional crafts has thus become a major subject of this design innovation study.
The author currently holds a position as an elementary school teacher. With more than 10 years of teaching experience, the author observes that students nowadays are gradually ignoring the fun of manual practice, but they do not even realize this as they are so enticed by the light and sound effect of modern technology. As a result, they are less literate in humanities and lack art appreciating abilities. The teaching of traditional crafts focuses on first-hand experiences and manual practice. During his compilation of various versions of multimedia teaching materials of “Arts and Humanities” for high grade students, the author observes that various current versions of teaching materials lack a complete framework and their contents are loosely organized; besides, the depth and coverage of these materials are also inadequate. Therefore, they do not meet the practical requirements in teaching from the viewpoints of first-line teachers. Furthermore, the lack of games and interactivity also make it hard for these teaching materials to get students motivated and inspire their interest in learning. National Taiwan Craft Research Institute has published a series of audio-video teaching materials on crafts, and the photography, images, and sound effects of the teaching materials are of professional standards. However, the materials are not suitable for off-campus teaching of elementary “Arts and Humanities” as their contents tend to focus on technology rather than the teaching of crafts.
This product is an attempt in which previous National Crafts Awards winning works of National Taiwan Craft Research Institute and relevant crafts resources are taken as source materials and various learning theories are applied to create multimedia materials with relevant software for crafts teaching. Elementary school students’ learning motivation can be enhanced by adopting teaching models which utilize various multimedia interfaces. As multimedia is characterized with innate high interactivity, the application of multimedia in teaching is therefore in conformity with the idea of digital learning. At the same time, because the material cultural relics in museums are with historical aesthetics and art value, they can not be completely replaced by multimedia. For this reason, an attempt has been made to achieve the optimal learning results by adopting the approach of Blended Learning. It is hoped that this multimedia teaching material can help teachers become more competent in their teaching, help students improve their learning results, and help crafts take root in younger generations, so that the campus may become a cradle for the development of aesthetics in the entire nation. It is also hoped that the material will be helpful for the promotion of crafts teaching and museum education in elementary schools.

並列關鍵字

Multimedia teaching materials design ； Crafts teaching ； Blended learnin ； “Arts and Humanities” in elementary schools

參考文獻

（14）范成偉，2005，"博物館數位典藏的知識加值概念研究"，《科技博物》，

（10）林輝明，2003，"參觀博物館於教學上的意義與學習模式"，《科技博

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（33）Driscoll, M.,2002, "Blended Learning:Let’s get beyond the hype."

E-learning, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.54-56.