中部空品區國道移動污染源對臨近居民健康影響之研究

The study of resident health effect caused by highway mobile sources in the central air quality district of Taiwan

王世駿(Shi-Jun Wang)

指導教授 ： 林盛隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

車輛運輸產生人體健康損害的議題，在過去常常被忽略，其所造成的社會成本損失，也未被納入國民經濟毛額的統計，此為市場失靈的現象，也隨著環保意識的高漲，逐漸受到重視。本研究主要在探討由中部空品區國道移動污染源排放的污染物CO及NOX之人體健康外部性，而運用的方法是適合本土的衝擊路徑法，其程序包含典型的排放量推估、擴散模式的運用及貨幣值的推估。
研究結果發現在2005年，國道1號及國道3號共同產生的CO排放量約為269.6噸，2006年約為230噸；其中貢獻最多的為小客車。而NOX在2005年約為272.7噸，2006年約為242.3噸；其中客貨車為主要的貢獻來源。污染物濃度經擴散模式Caline-4的推估主要是以高速公路沿線較高，其中CO在2006年春天最高的瞬時濃度約可達12 ppm；而NOX最高之瞬時濃度發生在2006年的春天約為1.52 ppm。 損害成本主要是以NOX所造成的急性死亡率為主，在2005年的國道移動污染源對鄰近居民造成的環境外部成本大約為12.4億元~17.2億元，約占該年度中部空品區GDP的0.07%；而2006年大約為14.1~19.6億元，且約占該區GDP的0.08%，其二年度結果都以國道1號行使車輛所造成的環境外部成本較高。

關鍵字

健康衝擊 ； 衝擊路徑法 ； 環境外部成本 ； 中部空品區 ； CALINE-4

並列摘要

It is known the transport-related air pollution could induce human health problem. The issues relate to environmental cost what are generally out of consideration. This paper assesses the externalities in health effect caused by carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) from highway transport in the central air quallity district of Taiwan. The utilization of typical vehicle emission, dispersion model and monetary valuation had been adapted and integrated from the localized IPA.
The consequences in 2005 and 2006 include the estimated CO quantities were 269.1 and 230 tons respectively. The estimated NOX quantities were 272.7 tons and 242.3 tons respectively. Then, the prediction of the highest ambient concentration obtained by combining with CALINE-4 and ordinary kriging method of CO is 12 ppm and NOX is 1.52 ppm in spring of 2006. The results conjectured for high impact area show that spread to leeward side of highway. Furthermore, the calculation of damage costs based on dose-response functions had been displayed by grid distribution. Particularly acute mortality caused by nitrogen oxide (NOX), dominate in term of cost. Ultimately, with the data we scale up nationwide, total environmental externalities due to CO & NOX were totalized to 1.24 billion NTD ~ 17.2 billion NTD standing for 0.07% of the GDP of the area in 2005. Next year the total cost were 1.41 billion NTD ~ 1.96 billion NTD standing for 0.08% of the GDP of the area.

並列關鍵字

CALINE-4 ； Health impact ； Central air quallity district of Taiwan ； Impact pathway approach ； Environmental external cost

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