生命週期評估應用於第Ⅲ類環境產品宣告之研究-以行動電話為例

The Study of Type Ⅲ Environmental Products Declaration Using Life Cycle Assessment - The case of mobile phone

蔡玫宜(Mei-Yi Tasi)

指導教授 ： 林盛隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

環境標誌與宣告(EPD)提供一項產品或服務之整體環境特性的相關資訊給消費者，藉由消費者認同，提昇市場佔有率。成功的EPD可降低產品或服務帶來的環境衝擊。所以，EPD不僅是一種廣告行為，更是推廣綠色消費重要的手段；其中，第Ⅲ類環境產品宣告則強調以生命週期評估為基礎，將產品環境資訊量化並予以公開化的表現方式。
行動電話是現代生活中不可或缺且汰換率極高之科技產品，本研究以隨機方式蒐集流通在台灣市場上之行動電話，應用於第Ⅲ類環境產品宣告上，有效提高行動電話之綠色消費行為。本研究以SimaPro 7.1中五種衝擊評估模式包括Eco-indicator 95、Ecopoints 97、Eco-indicator 99(E)、Eco-indicator 99(H)、Eco-indicator 99(I)進行生命週期分析探討，得到各行動電話產品生命週期評估報告結果，再利用變異係數值求得適合行動電話產品之衝擊評估模式，最後再以敏感度分析探討適合行動電話生命週期評估之衝擊評估要項，並以圖形化之展現第Ⅲ類環境產品宣告。
結果顯示，在選定的五種衝擊評估方法中，以Eco-indicator 99(I)衝擊評估方法得到變異係數值最高(33.82 %)，充分展現其環境衝擊評估值相對分散程度，可將行動電話產品之環境衝擊明顯區隔。研究結果可給予廠商在產品設計研發過程中，有更確切的改善目標，充分利用技術來降低產品對環境之損害，另一方面也能給予消費者清楚比較產品之環境衝擊，易於選擇對環境較友善的產品。而適合行動電話產品於第Ⅲ類環境宣告之衝擊項目包括：可吸入性無機物、氣候變遷、礦物、土地使用、酸化/優養化等五項。透過圖形化呈現行動電話產品生命週期評估結果，是簡潔易懂的表現方式，可一目了然行動電話生命週期以使用階段環境的衝擊最大；結果提供相關單位做為第Ⅲ類環境宣告推動之參考。

關鍵字

第Ⅲ類環境產品宣告 ； 環境標誌與宣告 ； 環境衝擊 ； 生命週期評估 ； 敏感度分析 ； 變異係數

並列摘要

The environmental label and declarations (ELD) provides consumers an important information of environmental impacts associated with the products and services, which may increase the possession rate in the market. It’s not only a new paradigm of advertisement, but also an important means to promote green consumption. Type Ⅲ environmental product declaration (EPD) is one of the ELDs, that is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA), that will give a integrated, transparent, and quantitative data to the audiences.
Mobile phones seem to be an essential part for moern life and highly replacable. The versatility of mobile phones complicate the analysis of environmental impacts compared the traditional ones. The study employed a commercialized LCA software, called Simapro. Five impact assessment means, i.e., Eco-indicator 95, Eco-points 97, Eco-indicator 99(E), Eco-indicator 99(H), and Eco-indicator 99(I), were selected to illustrate the extend of environmental impacts of mobile phones. There were 15 models of phones studied in the LCA software. To compare the appropriateness of the illustration, we use the ststistical term, e.g. coefficient of variance (CV), that represents the expansions of the ditributions. The highest CV was calculated from the Eco-indicator 99 (I) method, which was recognized as the appropriateness for the comaprison of the different types of mobile phones.
In order to simplize the presentation to the consumers, this study recommended to trim the illustration of LCA results. A sensetivity analysis was employed to identify the most important categories in the illustrations of Type III EPD. For the mobile phones, five categories were identified. They are respiratory inorganics, climate change, minerals, land use, and acidification/eutrophication. From the illustration of type III EPD, it was concluded that the use stage contributed the highest score. This message could delivery environmental hot spots to the designer who can redesign the products. For consumers, they can buy more green product through the illustration of type III EPD developed in this study.

並列關鍵字

environmental label and declaration ； type Ⅲenvironmental product declaration ； environmental impact ； life cycle assessment ； sensitivity analysis ； coefficient of variation

參考文獻

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