天然植物纖維/聚琥珀酸丁酯複合材料之研究與探討

A Study on Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) Biocomposites

柳偉偵(Wei-Chen Liu)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本實驗主要是利用雙螺桿混煉機將基材和補強材料進行混摻，基材為聚琥珀酸丁酯 (Poly(butylene succinate)，PBS)，補強材料為鳳梨葉纖維和回收竹筷纖維，兩種天然植物纖維添加之重量比例為7:3，而後利用射出成型機加工成型，製成天然植物纖維補強聚琥珀酸丁酯之綠色複合材料。
首先，利用化學處理方式去除植物纖維表面果膠、半纖維素及其他雜質，然後利用矽烷偶合劑(Triethoxy-vinylsilan)對植物纖維表面進行改質，以增進基材(聚琥珀酸丁酯)與補強材料(鳳梨葉纖維、回收竹筷纖維)之間的界面相容性，製備出天然植物纖維補強綠色複合材料，並探討複合材料本身之形態學、機械性質和熱性質。經由研究結果得知，當經由化學改質天然植物纖維添加量為30wt%之複合材料具有最佳的性質，可從SEM中看出經過化學改質過後，基材與補強材料之間相容性以及天然植物纖維糾結纏繞的現象獲得改善；拉伸強度及彎曲強度分別可提升121.7%、66.1%，耐衝擊強度可提升14.9%；另由TGA和DSC分析，可得知其熱穩定性獲得改善，其熱變形溫度最高可提升33.6%。由以上結果顯示添加植物纖維不僅使聚琥珀酸丁酯之熱性質、機械性質有所提升，並且比人造纖維補強之複合材料更為環保，另外亦可有效地運用農業廢棄物及降低材料之成本。

關鍵字

聚琥珀酸丁酯 ； 鳳梨葉纖維 ； 綠色複合材料 ； 回收竹筷纖維

並列摘要

In this study, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was reinforced by pineapple leaves fiber and recycled chopsticks fiber (the weight ratio is 7:3), and twin-screw mixer was used to mix the substrate and reinforcement materials. Subsequently, the test specimens of such natural fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) green biocomposites were prepared by injection molding machine.
Firstly, the fibers were chemically treated by alkaline solution and silane coupling agent (Triethoxy-vinylsilan) to remove the pectin, hemicellulose and other impurities on the surface of the fibers. It’s expected that the compatibility between substrate (PBS) and reinforcement materials (pineapple leaf fibers and recycled chopsticks fiber) will be enhanced after the surface treatment. Subsequently, the PBS and reinforcement materials were mixed to form the natural plant fiber reinforced green biocomposites, and the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of these biocomposite were investigated.
The results reveal that the composite containing 30wt% of chemically modified natural plant fiber exhibited the best properties. SEM analysis shows that the compatibility between the substrate and the reinforcing materials was improved after chemical modification. As adding the fibers, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of PBS can be improved by 121.7, 66.1 and 14.9%, respectively. TGA and DSC results show that the thermal stability of PBS can be improved, and heat deflection temperature can be increased about 33.6% by the addition of natural fibers. Furthermore, this type of reinforced PBS would be more environmentally friendly than the artificial additive-reinforced one. It can also effectively reduce and re-use the wastes of pineapple leaves fiber and recycled chopsticks fiber, as well as lower the costs of the materials.

並列關鍵字

green biocomposites ； recycled chopsticks fiber ； pineapple leaves fiber ； poly(butylene succinate)

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