隨著經濟的成長與科技進步,環境污染日漸嚴重,環境保護意識也日益崛起。環境污染分佈,是否隱含空間或是社會因子之特性,是一個值得探討之問題。因此本研究分別從經濟社會因子與空氣污染分佈兩層面,經文獻蒐集相關指標,建立指標篩選程序,篩選合適的經社與空污指標,用以進行後續分析。本研究同時應用灰聚類演算法進行資料分類,以探討空污與經社指標的空間群聚特性。最後透過統計檢定分析,並探討不同經社因子聚類其空氣污染分佈是否有顯著性。本研究以台中地區為案例,並選用空污指標(氮氧化物、硫氧化物、粒徑小於10mm之懸浮微粒、一氧化碳、非甲烷碳氫化合物、汽機車排放之尾氣),經社指標(綜稅所得、老年人口、人口密度)為分析指標,經灰聚類分析結果發現,經社聚類與空污聚類之區域相近,且經社條件較優越之區域,其空氣污染與其他區域有顯著上之差異(氮氧化物、粒徑小於10mm之懸浮微粒、一氧化碳、非甲烷碳氫化合物、汽機車排放之尾氣),換言之經社條件與空氣污染之嚴重趨勢呈正向關係。與國外環境正義研究,經社弱勢者多位於環境污染高風險區域之發現不同,然而亦可說明國內經社因子與空氣污染分佈有著密切關聯性。
Increasingly serious environmental pollution is rising with economic growth and progress in science and technology, and thus leads to environmental awareness of residents. It is a good question to analyze if distribution of environmental pollution is involved with spatial or social factors. it therefore the socio-economic factors and air pollution factors are collected from literature review. A set of rules to evaluate suitable indicators from these factors are also established in this study. The grey clustering algorithm (GCA) is then applied for data classification, to explore the spatial clustering characteristics of air pollution and socio-economic indicators, respectively. Finally, through the statistical tests, the significance of air pollution among different socio-economic clusters can be analyzed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed procedure, a case study of Taichung City is implemented in this study. The determined indicators of air pollution included NOX、SOX、PM10、CO、NMHC、EXHC, while socio-economic indicators included comprehensive income tax, elderly population, and population density. After applying the GCA the results reveal that socio-economic clusters are mostly similar with air pollution clusters. In addition, the higher the socio-economic factor of a cluster, the worse the air pollution is. The results of statistics tests implemented also proved significance of five air indicators (NOX、PM10、CO、NMHC、EXHC) among socio-economic clusters In other word, Socio-economic conditions and serious air pollution trend is showed a positive association. Comparing with environmental justice research abroad, minor groups often endure high risk of environmental pollution, the results in Taiwan is totally different. However, our findings still stands that socio-economic factors and air pollution distribution are highly associated in Taiwan.