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  • 學位論文

河口揚塵對空氣品質之衝擊評估與對策

Dust Impact Assessment and Air Quality Management Strategies in an Estuarine Region

指導教授 : 陳鶴文 林宏嶽
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摘要


受到地質與河川特性的影響,台灣地區河川集水區土壤沖蝕與流失的情況普遍嚴重,臺東縣卑南溪流域為臺灣發生河口揚塵問題較嚴重之河川之ㄧ,由於卑南溪於豐水期與枯水期之河川流量差異甚大,又加上臺東縣地勢崎嶇多變化,導致每當季風之風向改變,常將卑南溪河灘裸露地之泥沙催吹往河川下游方向移動,使得周遭空氣品質下降,影響下游民眾之環境品質,然而大量的土石沖積至河口地區形成大面積的裸露地,在旺盛的東北季風吹拂下,細小的懸浮微粒瀰漫在河口地區,造成鄰近區域空氣品質的惡化。   為了解決河口揚塵這個問題,本研究以衛星遙測技術進行河口地區裸露地的判識與定量工作,解析歷年裸露地的變遷狀況,進一步利用相關性分析與空間統計評估裸露地面積與它們的空間分佈對空氣品質的衝擊量,並結合空氣污染擴散模式,進行裸露地污染源之擴散模擬。而污染物擴散濃度模擬結果與監測站濃度之變化趨勢有符合的吻合度,由等濃度圖顯示污染物逸散的方向皆往臺東市的方向擴散,亦與現況相符。針對上述問題本研究以裸露地污染物的擴散濃度做為優化分析之背景,最後以混合整數規劃模型建立最佳化的整治策略。

並列摘要


Taiwan is influenced by geology and river’s properties. There had serious soil erosion and loss problems in Taiwan’s river catchment area everywhere. One of the most serious Estuary Dust problem was found at Beinan river where is located in Taitung County. There had greatly difference on water abundance and water shortage period at Beinan River. Taitung County’s geography caused wind direction changes frequently, then, it makes sand move to river downstream. Because of the great north-east wind made PM10 all around estuary. Beinan River area’s air quality was going worse and worse situation.   In order to solve the estuary dust problem, the purpose of this study based on satellite remote sensing technology to access estuarine bare areas recognition and quantification. Analyzed bare area’s changing situation and further used correlation analysis, spatial statistical assessment method to estimate air quality impact. Then, combined air pollution mode of simulate area’s pollutant.   However, there’s no difference between the result of simulation and monitor station. The results showed pollutant is blow to Taitung city. Research motive was aimed at bare area pollutant and used Integer programming to establish the best improvement strategy and policy.

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