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大分子有機物影響掃流式薄膜積垢指標之研究

Effects of Macromolecules on Cross-Flow Membrane Fouling Index

指導教授 : 莊順興
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摘要


全球面臨水資源逐漸缺乏與開發不易及水資源受到污染之問題,而薄膜技術能去除懸浮粒子到溶解性無機離子等多種水中雜質,因此,成為各國重視及探討的重要技術。且由於近年來國際上各先進國家均積極推動薄膜系統於水再生利用上之研究,其中以二級放流水作為原水進流至薄膜系統成為主軸。 二級放流水中之大分子有機性物質大部分來自生物處理系統之微生物產物,對於其所產生之殘留有機物(膠體與溶解行微生物產物,包含核酸、蛋白質及腐植酸等)所造成之有機性積垢,為探討薄膜積垢指標所需掌握之問題點。 一般常見判斷薄膜阻塞之情形的參數包括污泥密度指數( Silt Density Index , SDI)、修正積垢指數( Modify Fouling Index , MFI )、飽和曲線模式 ( Saturation Curve Fouling Index , SCFI ),搭配過濾比阻及標準化通量以判定薄膜積垢之情況。過濾方式一般可分為兩類型,為垂直式端點( Dead-End )過濾及掃流式( Cross-Flow )過濾,而實際工業應用薄膜過濾方式大多為掃流式過濾,目前並沒有一套掃流式過濾之標準操作方法以及程序用以評估薄膜積垢。 本研究進行掃流式薄膜積垢指標之建立與開發,設置自動控制設施及運算之掃流式薄膜積垢指標試驗模廠,以得精確之結果。針對大分子有機物質及二級處理放流水於實驗室進行連續式實驗以模擬探討其對積垢指標之影響,建立掃流式薄膜積垢指標之應用特性。同時,進行生物馴養放流水作為探討掃流式薄膜積垢指標之影響之材料。 研究結果顯示,使用腐植酸、68.5 k之葡聚糖、100~200 k之葡聚糖、5~40 million之葡聚糖、三種分子量葡聚糖之混合物以及蛋白質等大分子有機物與生物放流水經掃流式過濾裝置,搭配過濾比阻及標準化通量於SDI、MFI及SCFI三種指標下,由增率及減率可得知其對薄膜之實際積垢程度,以不影響薄膜積垢之建議進流濃度:腐植酸為0.1 mg/L、68.5 k之葡聚糖為8 mg/L、100~200 k之葡聚糖為25 mg/L、5~40 million之葡聚糖為0.05 mg/L、蛋白質為2 mg/L及放流水稀釋倍數應高於60倍。 由於不同分子量之葡聚糖實驗中,以分子量5~40 million與腐植酸、蛋白質及放流水有相同之積垢趨勢,故僅以此分子量與其他污染物進行比較:稀釋倍數50~150倍之生物放流水>0.01~0.1 mg/L 5~40 million之葡聚糖>0.01~0.5 mg/L之腐植酸>0.5~4 mg/L之蛋白質。 綜合比較以上結果,污染物於薄膜上之積垢情況,判別指標之精確度由大至小排列為:飽和曲線分析(SCFI)>修正積垢指數(MFI)>淤泥密度指數(SDI)。

並列摘要


The world is confronted with water resource insufficiency and water pollution. As the membrane technology can remove multiple impurities in water, including suspended particles to soluble inorganic ions, it has become an important technology regarded and discussed by various countries. In recent years, advanced countries have promoted the research on the membrane system for water recycling actively, the flow of secondary effluent as raw water into the membrane system has become the topical subject. Most of macromolecular organic materials in the secondary effluent are from the microbiological products of biological treatment system. The organic fouling caused by residual organic matter (colloid and soluble microbiological products, including nucleic acid, protein and humic acid) is the point that must be mastered for discussing membrane fouling index. Common parameters for judging membrane fouling include Silt Density Index (SDI), Modify Fouling Index (MFI) and Saturation Curve Fouling Index (SCFI), combined with specific filtration resistance and normalized water flux to determine the membrane fouling. The filter types include Dead-End filtration and Cross-Flow filtration. The membrane filtration for practical industry is mostly Cross-Flow filtration, there is not yet a standard operating method and procedure of Cross-Flow filtration for evaluating membrane fouling. This study developed Cross-Flow membrane fouling index, a Cross-Flow membrane fouling index experimental equipment controlling facilities and calculation automatically, so as to obtain accurate results. The macromolecular organic substances and secondary treatment effluent were tested continuously to discuss the effect on fouling index. The application characteristic of Cross-Flow membrane fouling index was developed. Meanwhile, biological domestication effluent was used as the material for discussing the effect of Cross-Flow membrane fouling index. The results showed that three molecular weights of dextran, 68.5 k dextran, 100~200 k dextran and 5~40 million dextran and the mixture of humic acid and macromolecular organic matter including protein and biological effluent flow through the Cross-Flow filtration unit, combined with specific filtration resistance and normalized water flux under SDI, MFI and SCFI. The actual fouling of the membrane can be known from the increment rate and decrement rate, not influencing the recommended inlet concentration of membrane fouling: humic acid is 0.1 mg/L, 68.5 k dextran is 8 mg/L, 100~200k dextran is 25 mg/L, 5~40 million dextran is 0.05 mg/L, protein is 2 mg/L and the effluent dilution ratio shall be higher than 60 times. In the experiments on different molecular weights of dextran, the 5~40 million molecular weight and humic acid, protein and biological effluent have the same fouling trend, so this molecular weight is compared with other contaminants, the descending order of fouling degree is 50~150 of dilution ratio biological effluent >0.01~0.1 mg/L 5~40 million dextran > 0.01~0.5 mg/L humic acid >0.5~4 mg/L protein. Based on the results, for the fouling of contaminants on membrane, the descending order of accuracy of discrimination indexes is SCFI > MFI > SDI.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


余嘉誠(2017)。奈米薄膜過濾水回收模型廠最適化操作探討〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2712201714433050

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