依據行政院經建會「中華民國2012 年至2060 年人口推計」報告,台 灣高齡人口於1993 年,65 歲以上的老年人口,占總人口比例7.1%,已超 過聯合國世界衛生組織所訂定7%,正式邁入「高齡化社會」,預估2025 年 台灣即達到「超高齡社會」。而台灣更因少子化、家庭結構轉型為雙薪及小 家庭、醫療進步、疾病型態的改變及失能人口急遽上升,更使得需要長期 看護的需求也快速增加中。但因家庭結構的改變,使得家中能照顧失能者 之人力短缺,家庭照顧者的角色面臨了困境。所以如何因應長期照護的需 求,儼然已成為整體社會亟待解決的問題。 然而長期看護問題,在各先進國家現都是正面臨的問題,在歐美長期 看護險已行之有年,且政府也鼓勵國人投保長期看護險,並於稅法上給予 抵扣稅款的優惠。而台灣於2007 年4 月由行政院核定 「我國長期照顧10 年計劃」,2014 年1 月8 日立法院也針對「長期照護服務法」通過了初審, 主要是為日後的「長期照護保險法」鋪路。 本研究以回顧我國長期照護制度,並以台灣長期照護保險法及目前各 保險公司所推行之商業長期照護保險商品進行文獻探討,以了解我國長期 照護保險與商業長期看護險有無相關或差異性。其次藉由了解德國、日本 二個國家於長期照護的實行狀況,提出有效發展長期照護保險制度的相關 建議。由此看來,在國家政策多變且緩步進行之下,當制度尚未有配套前, 民眾只能另尋社會商業保險補足缺口。藉由商業保險來補足社會保險保障 之缺口,如此不但能減少未來社會福利的支出,並能減輕個人家庭的經濟 負擔,並促使台灣在長期照護保險市場有健全的發展。 關鍵字:長期照護保險、長期照護服務法
According to Executive Yuan CEPD "Republic of China from 2012 to 2060 population count push" report, Taiwan elderly population in 1993, 65 years of age or older population, the total population of 7.1%, more than the United Nations World Health Organization laid down by 7 %, officially entered the "aging society" that is estimated to reach 114 years of Taiwan "super-aging society." Taiwan is more due to low birth rate, family structure and the transition to double-income nuclear families, medical advances, changes in disease patterns and disability to rapid rise in population, but also makes the need for long-term care needs are rapidly increasing. But because of changes in family structure, so that the home can take care of those who can afford the loss of manpower shortages, the role of family caregivers facing a dilemma. So how to respond to long-term care needs of society as a whole has become an urgent problem. However, long-term care issues in question are in the advanced countries are facing long-term care insurance has been around for ages in Europe, and the government also encourages people to insure long-term care insurance, and give to the Tax deductible tax concessions. Taiwan in April 2007 by the Executive Yuan for approval, "our long-term care for 10-year plan" and the Legislature is also against the draft, "Long Term Care Act" under consideration. But now, the long-term care have a long way to go, especially in 2016, as planned after the end of 10 seniors, the next step is how to get a big question mark. In this study, review of long-term care system, and to compare the current Taiwanese commercial insurers to discuss long-term care insurance trade literature. Secondly understand Europe, America, Japan and countries in the implementation of long-term care situation, put forward the effective development of long-term care insurance system recommendations, Seen in this light, when the system is not yet a front support, long-term care if only rely on social insurance, there really are not appropriate medical and care, the solution at this stage, people can only find another social business insurance make up the gap. With commercial insurance to make up the gap between social insurance, so not only can reduce future spending on social welfare, and to reduce the financial burden on individual families, and to promote Taiwan's long-term care insurance market has a sound development. Key words:long-term care 、Long Term Care Act
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