以衝擊路徑法評估SO2、O3及PM10 之外部成本～以高屏空品區為例

The Application of Impact Pathway Approach in Environmental Externalities Caused by SO2, O3＆PM10 Emission in Kaoshiung-Pingtung Metropolitan Area

吳厚廉(Hou-Lian Wu)

指導教授 ： 林盛隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究主要是利用衝擊路徑法推估2007～2009年高屏空品區空氣污染物所造成的健康衝擊與環境外部成本。其量化方式，根據環保署的空氣品質監測站資料為依據，盤查SO2、O3及PM10等三種空氣污染物濃度，並運用地理資訊系統中的一般克力金法，推估出高屏空品區各鄉鎮市區空氣污染物年平均暴露量。配合劑量反應函數推估健康衝擊值，並根據歐盟健康貨幣值，運用效益移轉方式，推估出各鄉鎮市區的損害成本與單位損害成本。
在健康衝擊方面，歷年來SO2造成人體健康上衝擊，以2008年三民區市民衝擊值為最高，分別為33.83 YOLL/yr與12.8 case/yr。歷年O3模擬結果顯示，以2008年三民區市民衝擊值為最高，分別為144.29 YOLL/yr與175.12 case/yr。在PM10方面模擬結果顯示，以2008 年三民區市民衝擊值為最高，分別為87.03 YOLL/yr與60.65 case/yr。由歷年健康衝擊推估結果發現，皆以三民區、前鎮區、小港區、鳳山市、大寮鄉及屏東市等地居民的健康風險為較高。
在損害成本方面，歷年SO2造成的損害成本，以2007年6.42億元最高，縣市以高雄市2007年3.26億元最高。歷年O3造成損害成本，以2008年36.12億元最高，縣市以高雄市2008年15.21億元最高。在PM10造成的損害成本方面，歷年以2009年20.49億元最高，縣市則是以高雄市2008年8.91億元最高。
在推估單位損害成本部分，SO2的單位損害成本推估結果以2007年的146.42 NTD/Kg為最高。PM10造成的單位損害成本推估結果則以以2008年的114.82 NTD/Kg為最高。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統 ； 環境外部成本 ； 衝擊路徑法 ； 空氣污染 ； 一般克力金法

並列摘要

This study utilized the European-based methodology, ie. Impact Pathway Approach, to estimate the health impacts and external costs caused by air pollutants in Kaoshiung-Pingtung Metropolitan Area from 2007 to 2009. Based on the information collected by the air pollution monitoring stations of Environment Protection Administration, the concentrations of the target pollutants, ie. SO2, O3 and PM10, were selected of three kinds. An Ordinary Kriging Method of GIS(Geographic Information System) was employed to estimate the average amounts of exposure per year of air pollutants in each district of Kaoshiung-Pingtung Metropolitan Area . The health impacts were estimated through the selected dose-response functions and a monetary transfer approach based on the European data was conducted to value local damage costs caused by air pollutants.
The results indicate that the highest health impacts of SO2 occurred in Sanmin in 2008, which contributed annually 33.83 YOLLS and 12.8 cases for the acute mortality and the respiratory hospital admission, respectively. For O3, the highest ones were estimated as 144.29 YOLLS and 175.12 cases for acute mortality and respiratory hospital admission, respectively, and occurred in Sanmin in 2008. For PM10, the estimated values were 87.03 YOLLS and 60.65 cases for acute mortality and respiratory hospital admission, respectively, and occurred in Sanmin in 2008. Therefore, it could conclude that the residents who live in Sanmin, Cianjhen, Siaogang, Fongshan and Pingtung districts took high risks in the study periods.
The simulation of damage costs, the highest damage cost is estimated as 642 million NTD caused by SO2 in 2007, the aspect of city and county, Kaohsiung City is based on the maximum 326 million in 2007. For O3, the highest cost is estimated as 3612 million NTD in 2008, the aspect of city and county, Kaohsiung City is based on the maximum 1521 million in 2008. For PM10, the highest cost is estimated as 2049 million NTD in 2009, the aspect of city and county, Kaohsiung City is based on the maximum 891 million in 2008. In the aspect of unit damage costs, the estimated outcome shows that SO2 caused the most in 2007, which was 146.42 NTD/Kg; and PM10 also caused the most in 2008, which was 114.82 NTD/Kg.

並列關鍵字

Geographic Information System ； Ordinary Kriging ； Air pollution ； external costs ； Impact pathway approach

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