教師工作壓力與工作滿意度關係之研究~以彰化縣幼稚園為例

A Study of Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction-By the Kindergarten Teachers in Changhua County

林心怡(Hsin-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 孫扶志

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究主要探討彰化縣公私立幼稚園教師之工作壓力與工作滿意度現況及關係，採用問卷調查法，藉由「幼稚園教師工作壓力與工作滿意度調查問卷」，以公私立幼稚園教師438位進行施測，分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析等進行分析，並徵求自願者進行「半結構式」訪談，藉以瞭解公私立幼稚園教師對工作壓力及工作滿意度之看法與建議。
根據研究目的與方法，本研究獲致下列結論：
一、 彰化地區幼稚園教師工作壓力之差異情形於婚姻方面，「整體」、「班級教學」、「人際關係」層面，未婚皆高於已婚。年齡方面，「整體」及「班級教學」層面29歲以下顯著高於50歲以上。教學年資方面，其「整體」、「班級教學」、「家長參與」層面資淺者壓力高於資深教師。園所屬性方面，「整體」、「班級教學」、「家長參與」、「人際關係」層面私幼顯著高於公幼。園所規模方面，「班級教學」層面7班以上高於2-3班，「人際關係」層面2-3班、4-6班顯著高於1班。任教班別方面，「班級教學」、「人際關係」層面私幼高於公幼。學校所在地區方面，「整體」員林溪湖顯著高於彰化和美及田中北斗，「工作負荷」層面鹿港二林高於田中北斗和彰化和美，「家長參與」、「人際關係」層面員林溪湖高於彰化和美，「班級教學」層面員林溪湖、鹿港二林顯著高於彰化和美。
二、 彰化地區幼稚園教師工作滿意度之差異情形在婚姻方面，「整體」及「工作環境」、「進修升遷」、「薪資福利」、「工作回饋」層面上，已婚皆高於未婚。年齡方面，「整體」、「行政領導」、「工作回饋」、「工作環境」、「薪資福利」、「進修升遷」層面年長者高於年輕幼教師。教學年資方面，「整體」、「工作環境」、「進修升遷」、「薪資福利」、「工作回饋」中資深者顯著高於資淺者。專業背景方面，「行政領導」層面幼教（保）研究所高於非幼教（保）研究所、「薪資福利」層面幼教（保）研究所高於其他。園所屬性方面，「整體」及「進修升遷」、「薪資福利」、「工作回饋」層面公幼顯著高於私幼。園所規模方面，「整體」、「進修升遷」、「薪資福利」、「工作回饋」層面規模小者高於班級數多者。任教班別方面，「整體」、「進修升遷」、「薪資福利」層面混齡班高於其他。學校所在地區方面，「行政領導」層面員林溪湖高於彰化和美。
三、 彰化縣幼稚園教師之工作壓力與其工作滿意度的相關情形呈負相關。
四、 彰化縣幼稚園教師對工作壓力與工作滿意度之看法，私立幼稚園最大壓力為招生，公立幼稚園工作壓力為兼任行政工作；彰化縣幼稚園教師會在瓶頸時尋找傾訴對象紓壓，懂得正向管理壓力、正面思考。

關鍵字

工作滿意度 ； 工作壓力 ； 幼稚園教師

並列摘要

This study investigated the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among kindergarten teachers in Changhua County. The questionnaire survey method was adopted, and a self-developed “Questionnaire on kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction” was used. The questionnaire was administered to 438 teachers from both private and public kindergartens in Changhua County. The collected responses were analyzed using various methods, including descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Besides, semi-structured interview was conducted with volunteers to understand kindergarten teachers’ opinions and suggestions with respect to job stress and job satisfaction.
Based on research objectives and methods, the following conclusions were derived:
1. The job stress perceived by kindergarten teachers in Changhua County was analyzed by marital status, age, seniority, school type, school scale, class type, and school location as follows: unmarried teachers perceived significantly higher job stress from “overall”, “classroom instruction”, and “interpersonal relationship” dimensions than married ones; teachers under 29 of age perceived significantly higher job stress from “overall” and “classroom instruction” than those above 50 of age; less senior teachers perceived more job stress from “overall”, “classroom instruction”, and “parental participation” than more senior teachers; teachers in private kindergartens perceived significantly higher job stress from “overall”, “classroom instruction”, “parental participation”, and “interpersonal relationship” than teachers in public kindergartens; teachers teaching in schools with more than 7 classes perceived more job stress from “classroom instruction” than those teaching in schools with only 2-3 classes; teachers in schools with 2-3 or 4-6 classes perceived more job stress from “interpersonal relationship” than teachers in schools with only 1 class; teachers teaching mixed-age classes perceived higher job stress from “classroom instruction” and “interpersonal relationship” than teachers teaching other types of classes; teachers teaching in Yuanlin and Xihu perceived significantly higher job stress from “overall” dimensions than those teaching in Changhua, Hemei, Tianzhong, and Beidou; teachers teaching in Lugang and Erlin perceived more job stress from “workload” than those teaching in Tianzhong, Beidou, Changhua, and Hemei; teachers teaching in Yuanlin and Xihu perceived higher job stress from “parental participation” and “interpersonal relationship” than those teaching in Changhua and Hemei; teachers teaching in Yuanlin, Xihu, Lugang, and Erlin perceived significantly higher job stress from “classroom instruction” than those teaching in Changhua and Hemei.
2. The job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers in Changhua County was also analyzed by marital status, age, seniority, professional background, school type, school scale, class type, and school location as follows: married teachers had higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “job environment”, “salary and benefits”, and “job feedback” than unmarried ones; older teachers had higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “administrative leadership”, “job feedback”, “job environment”, “salary and benefits”, and “advancement and promotion” than younger ones; more senior teachers had higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “job environment”, “advancement and promotion”, “salary and benefits”, and “job feedback” than less senior ones; teachers with a master’s degree in preschool education had higher job satisfaction in “administrative leadership” than those with a master’s degree in other fields; teachers with a master’s degree in preschool education had higher job satisfaction in “salary and benefits” than teachers with other professional backgrounds; teachers teaching in public kindergartens reported higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “advancement and promotion”, “salary and benefits”, and “job feedback” than those teaching in private kindergartens; teachers teaching in smaller schools had higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “advancement and promotion”, “salary and benefits”, and “job satisfaction” than those teaching in schools with more classes; teachers teaching mixed-age classes had higher job satisfaction in “overall”, “advancement and promotion”, and “salary and benefits” than those teaching other types of classes; teachers teaching in Yuanlin and Xihu were more satisfied with “administrative leadership” than those teaching in Changhua and Hemei.
3. A negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction existed among kindergarten teachers in Changhua County.
4. The interview results suggested that recruitment is the main source of job stress for teachers in private kindergartens, and administrative works are the main source of job stress for teachers in public kindergartens. Besides, kindergarten teachers in Changhua County tended to relieve their stress by talking to someone. They would conduct positive management of stress and develop positive thinking.

並列關鍵字

job satisfaction ； job stress ； kindergarten teacher

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