以電腦模擬公寓住宅空調負荷與外牆隔熱效益研究

Computer Simulation of Air Conditioning Load in Residential Apartments and Exterior Insulation Efficiency

林清裕(Ching-Yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 郭柏巖

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築及都市設計研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究針對台灣公寓住宅建築進行全年熱負荷的電腦模擬解析，模擬分析項目包括不同地區、不同外牆隔熱值、不同方位、不同樓層別，並以改善整戶外牆與單面外牆分析空調熱負荷與空調節能效益來探討公寓住宅的外牆隔熱值合理化，並提供未來在建築設計上或既有的住宅外牆隔熱對策的重要參考資料。
根據研究結果顯示，因樓層別的不同所造成的全年熱負荷量差異約2成，不同的樓層別與地點的不同造成全年熱負荷量最大差異為5成，隨著標準住宅模擬方位的改變台北、台中、高雄最高熱負荷方位與最低熱負荷方位相差3~4%的全年熱負荷量；全年空調用電量約相差12~19%。從改變外牆熱傳透率Ui與方位的改變，當台北、台中、高雄的中間層標準住宅外牆熱傳透率加強至2.50 [W/(m2.k)]時，各方位的全年熱負荷，均能低於地各區標準住宅中間層方位北，外牆熱傳透率3.50 [W/(m2.k)]水準的熱負荷標準。在住宿類建築外牆強化隔熱方面，不管是改善單面外牆或改善整戶外牆，材料成本回收時間隨著熱負荷越高的地區回收速度越快。
建議在選擇隔熱材料應選熱阻高成本較低的材料為較佳，例如：聚乙烯發泡材、石膏板、礦纖岩棉、合板…等材料，或在外牆與隔熱材料中間留置夾層填充高孔隙材料例如：鋸木屑、岩棉…等材料均能發揮良好的隔熱效果，夾層越厚效果更好。

關鍵字

公寓住宅 ； 外牆隔熱 ； 空調負荷 ； 耗能

並列摘要

In this study, computer simulation analyses were undertaken, aimed at the yearly heat load of the buildings of apartment residence in Taiwan. The items for simulation analysis included different regions, different external wall insulation values, different positions, and different floors. Also, through the improvement of entire external walls and single wall, the air-conditioning heat load and the effectiveness of air-conditioning energy conservation were analyzed, to explore the rationalization of apartment residence’s external wall insulation value, so as to provide important reference data for the strategies of external wall insulation for future architectural designs or for the existing residences.
According to the research results, the differences of the yearly heat load caused by different floors were approximately 20%. The biggest difference of the yearly heat load caused by different floors and different locations was 50%. As the standard residences’ simulation directions changed, the direction with the highest heat load and the direction with the lowest heat load in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung would differ by 3~4% of yearly heat load; the yearly air-conditioning power consumption would differ by approximately 12~19%. With the changes of external wall’s thermal transmittance rate Ui and the changes of positions, when external wall’s thermal transmittance rates of the middle-tier standard residences in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung were enhanced to be 2.50 [W/(m2.k)], all the yearly heat loads in all directions could be lower than the heat load standard of external wall’s thermal transmittance rate 3.50 [W/(m2.k)], in the direction of North, middle-tier standard residences in all regions. In terms of insulation enhancement for residential buildings’ external walls, no matter in improving single wall or improving entire external walls, the time for material cost recovery would be faster in recovery speed if a region had higher heat load.
The suggestions are: When selecting insulation materials, we had better choose the materials that have high thermal resistance and lower costs, ex. the materials such as polyethylene foaming material, plasterboard, mineral-fibered rock-wool, plywood and so on. Or, highly-porous materials should be filled in the reserved intra-layer between an external wall and the insulation material, ex. sawdust, rock-wool, etc., which can exert good insulation effect. The effect will be better if the intra-layer is thicker.

並列關鍵字

external wall insulation ； air-conditioning load ； apartment residence ； energy consumption

參考文獻

1.王佑萱，2008，"屋頂隔熱性能檢測技術與節能效益模擬分析研究"，建築學報66期技術專刊，pp.23-34。

10.劉心蘭，2005，"公寓大廈住宅用電調查研究"，碩士論文，國立成功大學。

7.郭柏巖，2005，"住宅耗電實測解析與評估系統之研究"，博士論文，國立成功大學。

1.G. Verbeeck, H. Hens,2005,"Energy savings in retrofitted dwellings: economically viable", Energy and Buildings,Vol：37, Issue：7, pp.747~754,Belgium.

2.Lopes,Luis,2008, "Energy efficiencyand energy savings in Japanese residential buildings—research methodology and surveyed results",Energy & Buildings ,Volume: 37,Issue: 7,July , pp. 698-706.