都市生態嵌塊體評估指標體系之研究

Rating System of Urban ecological patch

陳婉儀(Wan-yi Chen)

指導教授 ： 何友鋒

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩士班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年來，隨著永續發展及生態城市等理念之推廣，景觀生態學及生態規劃設計等理論已漸漸受到社會大眾的重視，都市環境是由不同的基質、廊道、嵌塊體相互作用連接而成的人工環境，其結構易受人類行為之影響。基於國內現有都市公園，多從景觀及遊憩角度探討都市公園規劃或經營管理，以生態思維探討甚少，嵌塊體為景觀生態結構的一個重要特徵，並且是區域生態復原的重要因子，為了提高都市環境之生態功能，許多專家學者紛紛提出公園綠地政策及相關計畫，並引入生態之概念來建構。
本研究主要目的是從景觀生態架構及生態規劃觀點，藉由分析景觀生態、都市設計、都市公園、環境規劃等相關議題，利用歸納法相關文獻中篩選出都市嵌塊體之生態評估因子，再透過兩階段專家問卷調查；第一階段以模糊德爾非法、相關性與獨立性檢測進行指標篩選都市公園綠地生態區位評估指標，評估指標分為三個層級，第一層級指標包括「維持生態穩定性」、「提高都市景觀美學」及「人為因素」等三項；第二層級指標包括「棲地連結性」、「嵌塊體空間結構」等七項；第三層級指標則包括「棲地面積」等二十六項。第二階段則運用分析網路程序法(ANP)求得指標成對比較值，並利用相似度整合法的程序，計算個別因子的權重，依此建立都市公園綠地生態嵌塊體之評估架構。最後藉由實證研究進行評估，確立評估架構的完整性，並提出實證基地生態環境之改善及建議，經評估結果得知，以評估指標體系針對台中市七個2公頃至5公頃之社區公園進行評估，可發現秋紅谷生態公園以及中山公園在評值分數上不分軒輊，其設計手法、配置規劃與人工維護等皆可做為台中市公園綠地之參考依據。

關鍵字

分析網路程序法 ； 評估指標體系 ； 嵌塊體 ； 景觀生態學

並列摘要

In recent years, with the promotion of sustainable development and eco-city, landscape ecology and ecological planning and design theory have attracted increasing attention. The urban environment is the artificial environment composed of different substrates, corridors, ephemeral patches by interactions. Its structure is vulnerable to the impact of human behavior. Most of the urban parks in Taiwan are planned or managed from the perspective of landscape and recreation, and discussions from the ecological perspective are rare. The ephemeral patch is an important characteristic of landscape ecological structure, and an important factor of regional ecological restoration. To enhance the ecological function of urban environment, many experts and scholars have proposed park green space policies and related programs, and introduced the ecological concept for construction.
The main purpose of this study is to select the ecological assessment factors of urban ephemeral patches from related literature by summary through the analysis of landscape ecology, urban design, urban park, environmental planning and related issues from the landscape ecological structure and ecological planning perspectives. Afterwards, the two-stage expert questionnaire survey is conducted. At the first stage, the fuzzy Delphi method, correlation and independence tests are applied to select the ecological regional assessment indicators of urban park green space. The assessment indicators are divided into three levels: 1) the first level includes 3 indicators: “keep ecological stability”, “improve urban landscape aesthetics” and “human factors”; 2) the second level includes 7 indicators: “habitat connectivity”, “ephemeral patch’s spatial structure”; 3) the third level includes 26 indicators: “habitat area”. At the second stage, ANP (Analytic Network Process) is applied to get the indicator pairwise comparison values, and the similarity integration method is applied to calculate the weight of individual factors to establish the assessment framework of the ecological ephemeral patches of green space of urban park. Finally, by the assessment of empirical study, the integrity of assessment structure is confirmed. Based on the empirical results, suggestions are proposed concerning the improvement of ecological environment. According to the assessment results, the assessment indicator system is used to evaluate the 7 community parks of area from 2 hectare to 5 hectare in Taichung. The results indicate that that Qiuhonggu Ecological Park and Zhongshan Park have no great difference in assessment scores. The design methods, configuration planning and manual maintenance can be used as a reference for the design of green space of parks in Taichung.

並列關鍵字

analytic network process method ； rating system ； landscape ecology ； patche

參考文獻

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