污泥之重金屬濃度對生物有效性之影響

Influence of Heavy Metal Concentration on The Bioavailability of Sludge

蕭名雅(MING-YA HSIAO)

指導教授 ： 張簡水紋

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

環境中由於都市和工業廢棄物棄置及廢水偷排事件層出不窮，使污泥和水體中常檢測到高濃度重金屬，進而影響化合物在水質與污泥間的分配或吸附，除了酸鹼度、氧化還原性、污泥中溶解有機碳粒徑大小等因素外，污泥之酸揮發性硫化物(Acid-Volatile Sulfide, AVS)亦為影響污泥中重金屬濃度之重要因子，因此美國環保署(USEPA)於2004年公告，同步萃取金屬量（Simultaneously extracted metals, SEM），以下簡稱SEM，以及AVS為兩項評估底（污）泥毒性之重要參數，將其結果相除(SEM/AVS)，可作為底（污）泥重金屬潛在生物利用性之判定方法。家庭污泥於不同硫化物及硫酸濃度添加下，皆可有效降低污泥重金屬之化學毒性，且與生物急毒性試驗結果一致；家庭污泥依SEM與AVS毒性評估方式進行評估，可有效降低污泥重金屬毒性，工業污泥因組成複雜，含許多未知之干擾因子，則無法有效降低污泥重金屬毒性，且因工業污泥含高濃度金屬陽離子鐵及鋁，其對污泥具較佳沉降性，因此影響二價金屬陽離子(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb及Zn)與硫之鍵結；另外因工業污泥含高濃度之無機鹽類，其中陰離子又以SO42-之相關性最高，於曝氣條件下，硫化物氧化促使金屬於結合態釋放，水體中重金屬濃度增加，導致試驗生物全數死亡。

關鍵字

底泥 ； 污泥 ； 重金屬 ； 生物有效性 ； 酸揮發性硫化物 ； 同步萃取金屬量

並列摘要

The heavy metal pollution is often detected in the sludge (sediment) and Interstitial water due to the illegal dumping of municipal and industrial wastes and the discharge of waste water, thus affecting the distribution and adsorption of compounds between Interstitial water and sludge (sediment). In addition to pH, oxidation-reduction, and the size of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the anoxic sludge (sediment) one of the most important factors controlling metal availability are the Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS). Therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in the 2004 announcement, Simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and AVS for the two assessment of the important parameters of sludge (sediment) toxicity, SEM/AVS can be used as a method for determining the potential bioavailability of heavy metals in sludge (sediment). The addition of different sulfides and sulfuric acid concentration can effectively reduce the chemical toxicity of heavy metals in sludge and consistent with the results of bioavailability test. Industrial sludge due to the composition of complex, with many unknown interference factors, so that the test results can not be expected to effectively reduce the sludge heavy metal toxicity, and because of industrial sludge containing high concentrations of trivalent metal cationic iron and aluminum, (Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn) and sulfur bonding; the other because of industrial sludge containing high concentrations of inorganic salts, Which anions and SO42- the highest correlation.
Under aeration conditions, the sulfide oxidation promotes the release of the metal into the bound state, and the concentration of heavy metals in the water increases, resulting in the death of all the test organisms.

並列關鍵字

Sediment ； Sludge ； Heavy metal ； Bioavailability ； AVS ； SEM

參考文獻

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