摘要
摘 要 手杖是一般老人常用的輔行器具，其本身不僅輕巧、方便攜帶及易於收藏，且在復健過程中可使患者有所支撐和依靠，使行走時更加穩定及安全。但老人握持手杖行走時，常因腳墊磨損變形而失去平衡，或是經過濕滑的地面時，因手杖底面的止滑性差，造成支撐老人身體的手杖偏移而滑倒或跌倒受傷，故本研究的目的乃針對老年人手杖腳墊之耐磨與止滑性效果及穩定度，加以深入探討，亟盼能找出較適合的手杖腳墊， 以預防老人發生跌倒之危險。 實驗一，採用問卷調查方式，有25位65歲以上的受測者參加，以腳墊的穩定性、耐磨性、堅固性、止滑性為指標，並以敘述性統計和單因子變異數分析結果，得出外型較大、較厚、橡膠材質的樣本腳墊是評價較高的腳墊。 實驗二，採用CNS3217耐磨耗試驗，與ASTM - D1894止滑測試標準，量測七種幾何形狀紋路腳墊的磨耗量與摩擦係數。根據儀器量測後並統計分析出結果，橡膠材質為較佳耐磨材料，1/4圓形顆粒紋路腳墊有最佳的止滑性。 實驗三，為手杖的穩定性實驗，有20位50歲以上的受測者參加，並一一行走在8公尺實驗狀態下：有木板、上釉磁磚、水泥等三種地面，與T型、勾型兩種手杖握把，及三種腳墊 (1/4圓形顆粒紋路腳墊、平面無紋腳墊、無腳墊)，並分成乾、溼兩種環境。經統計分析出結果為T型握把與1/4圓形顆粒紋路腳墊手杖有較佳之穩定性。最後的主觀評量也得到相同的結果。 根據以上實驗結果得出了較佳之紋路腳墊的手杖，希望透過本研究能增加老人行走的穩定，避免老人發生因跌倒所造成的傷害，能對老人的舒適生活有所貢獻，並提供給手杖設計製作者多方面的參考研究。 關鍵詞：手杖；止滑性；老年人；耐磨性；紋路；腳墊；穩定性
並列摘要
ABSTRACT Canes are auxiliary utensils often used by common elders. In nature they must be light, handy to carry and easy to store. Throughout the period of rehabilitation, patients may get support from them and lean on them so that stability and safety could be enhanced while walking. But when elders are walking with a cane, it chances that they might lose balance because of the worn out of the cane pad. Or when walking over wet and slippery ground, owing to the inadequate anti-slippery of the cane pad, the elders might slip or tumble onto ground and get hurt. The purpose of this study is to improve the anti-slippery and anti-erosion effect and stability for the cane pads used by elders. It is expected that more suitable cane pads can be sought lest that elders might suffer the danger resulting from falling onto ground. Experiment 1: A set of questionnaire was passed to 25 participants who are over 65 years old. Stability, anti-erosion, solidity, and anti-slippery of 7 different cane pads were evaluated. By means of descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, the results showed that foot pad with bigger and thicker rubber was given the highest appreciation. Experiment 2: Anti-erosion test of CNS3217 and Anti-slippery test with ASTM-D1894 Standard were adopted to measure the erosion and friction coefficients for 7 geometric-shaped lined pads. The measurements were statistically analyzed. Rubber material is the better material for anti-erosion and 1/4 round-shaped studded grain is the better material for anti-slippery effect. Experiment 3: 20 participants over 65 years old have attended the stability test of canes. The experimental conditions included the combinations of three ground surfaces: wood board, grazed tiles, and cement concrete; two cane handles: T shape and crook shape; three cane foot pads: 1/4 round-shaped studded grain, plain without grain, and non-pad; and two environments: dry and wet ground surfaces. The outcome of statistic analysis showed that T-shaped handle and 1/4 round-shaped studded grains have better stability. The subjective evaluation for cane pads showed the same conclusion. Based on aforementioned experimental conclusions, better material and pad grain for walking canes were found. Hopefully, by this study, more stability and more anti-slippery effect could be increased when elders are walking with canes, and most of personal damages caused by falling onto ground could be prevented. Hence walking safety for elders can be achieved. This study can be referred for multiple purposes by designers or manufacturers of canes as well. Key Word: anti-erosion, anti-slippery, cane, elder, cane pad, grain, stability
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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