公共場所觸摸導引地圖之圖像研究與設計

A Study and Design of Icons Used in Tactile Directional Map for Public Area

張丞翔(Chen-Hsiang Chang)

指導教授 ： 吳志富 ； 梁成一

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

一般視力正常者在不熟悉的地區時，往往需要一張導引地圖予以協助其做空間定向；在一個新的環境，視障者則需要觸覺導引地圖來幫助。觸覺導引地圖是讓視障者方便明瞭資訊與方向的公共設施，它可協助其在生活環境中的定向與行動。視障者可利用手部觸覺感知來取代視覺傳達，經由觸讀觸覺導引地圖以構成心智地圖，再依循記憶去尋找路線，到達欲前往之所在。
一般導引地圖上有指示性圖示 (包含圖像、文字與符號)，超越文字的藩籬，能讓大多數人能理解，且可簡化版面的設計；然而觸覺地圖雖與一般地圖相類似，但增加了點字說明和一些觸覺元素，可是卻鮮少有圖像，這是由於點字和一些觸覺元素的特性使然，因而使得觸覺導引地圖上的資訊密度相對較低，造成觸覺導引地圖缺乏像明眼人導引地圖一樣地設計完善，也沒解釋這麽清楚、更缺少圖像化的設計，若是維持和一般導引地圖相同的資訊密度，則觸摸導引地圖的面積會過大，超出了一般人手部可觸及的範圍，造成了視障者觸讀的不便，這都會使得資訊殘缺及迷失，甚而産生一些不可知的危險狀況。
本研究之目的，在於研究及設計出觸摸導引地圖之觸摸圖像，以解決上列之問題。本研究以實地調查及問卷調查來探討明眼人與視障者之導引地圖的差異性，並分析其優缺點；再以訪談方式來了解視覺障礙者對於公共設施的使用需求，綜合文獻探討及調查的結果以進行觸覺圖像的設計、再加以實驗測試與評估；歸納出觸摸圖像之設計原則，最後製作出模型，進行實地研究測試，結果顯示，依此原則設計觸摸圖像在提示之下皆可達到85%以上的辨識率。
希望本研究的結果可爲國內公共設施、觸覺圖像和觸覺導引地圖設計規劃視障者的為無障礙空間盡一份心力，且可提供國內外學者相關研究的參考。

關鍵字

觸摸導引地圖、觸摸圖像、導引地圖、圖像、視障者、明眼人

並列摘要

In an unfamiliar area, the sighted people often need a map to find the point of reference while a tactile direction map is required for the visually impaired people. The tactile direction map is a public facility that makes it easy for those who suffer visual impairment to acquire information and establish a sense of direction. It helps them stay oriented in their living surroundings. Through touching, instead of visual communication, a visually impaired individual turn the tactile direction map into a mental map, then following his/her memories the way to their destination is found.
Generally, the direction map contain signs (including icons, texts and symbols), and legend which go beyond the barrier of words, so most of the people can understand. Though incorporating Braille and some tactile elements, tactile direction maps rarely have icons due mainly to the characteristics of Braille and some tactile elements. Inclusion of Braille and tactile elements relatively reduces the density of information on tactile direction maps and makes sound design difficulty. If the tactile direction map has the same density of information as general direction map, the map area will be beyond the reaching range of a person’s hand and makes it hard for the visually impaired to touch. Under both situations, the visually impaired people would gain incomplete information which in turn might lead to unforeseen dangers.
The purpose of this research is to design an iconized tactile direction map to solve the problems above. Through field survey and questionnaire survey, it attempted to identify the difference between the general direction map and tactile map. Their own strength and weakness were also analyzed. Through interviews, it explored the requirements of the visually impaired for public facilities. Based on literature reviews and survey outcomes, it engaged in tactile icon design with the help of experiments and evaluations. A model has been eventually generated, and tests have conducted to verify its effectiveness.
This study has pinpointed the needs of the visually impaired for public facilities in their daily lives and the problems they encounter and has formulated the principles for designing tactile-icon-direction maps. It is the researcher’s hope that the design principles derived from this research would serve as an important reference for planning tactile-icons and tactile-direction maps to contribute in building a barrier-free environment for visually impaired people, and the attract more school to do more related researches.

並列關鍵字

direction map ； icon ； sighted ； tactile direction map ； tactile icon ； visually impaired

參考文獻

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