高齡者電腦作業需求及產生電腦焦慮原因之研究

THE NEEDS AND THE ANXIOUS CAUSES OF USING COMPUTER FOR ELDERS

林姿儀(Lin-Tzu Yi)

指導教授 ： 楊承亮

大同大學/經營設計學院/資訊經營學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

當今電腦科技的進步以千里計，然而好用易學的科技卻不見得隨處可見，在電腦系統的設計上，除了技術與外觀，使用性(Usability)也是一個相當重要的因素。人機互動(Human-Computer Interaction; HCI)最主要設計概念，是提昇電腦使用性，亦即讓使用者操作電腦時，具備有用性及易用性。目前國內外學者在人機互動研究領域中，研究對象似乎偏向易於接受新知或變革之年輕族群或專業人士，甚少針對具電腦焦慮之高齡者設計一套符合此族群之設計準則，供資訊界參考。 故本研究藉由深度訪談的方式蒐集高齡者產生電腦焦慮原因以及對高齡者而言電腦必須有什麼功能才具備有用性及易用性之看法，再輔以文獻規劃研究架構及設計問卷。本研究以台北縣市年滿五十歲高齡者為研究對象，由於對象特定，加上樣本蒐集困難，故採用立意抽樣法進行抽樣，另一方面本研究將試圖修正Davis之TAM模式，模式中「使用技術的態度」將以「電腦焦慮」取代。「知覺易用」有可能會直接影響高齡者「使用意願」，因此納入修正模式探討。 其主要結論如下： 1. 根據本研究TAM修正模式，實證結果得知高齡者對電腦的知覺有用性越高可以降低電腦焦慮情況發生；高齡者對電腦的知覺易用性越高會增加高齡者對電腦的使用意願。 2. 要提昇高齡者電腦使用意願，應先從提昇知覺易用性著手，次則應提昇知覺有用性。 3. 雖然知覺易用性對電腦焦慮無直接之顯著影響，但高齡者對電腦的知覺易用性越高，知覺有用性就會越高，進而會降低電腦焦慮。 III 4. 高齡者電腦焦慮之主要原因歸納為「對電腦認識不足之焦慮」、「對電腦訊息 及使用說明用語之焦慮」、「對功能強大電腦之焦慮」、「對電腦軟硬體變遷快 速之焦慮」四個因素。 5. 高齡者對電腦之需求比較朝向簡單化、娛樂化、通俗化及自動化。對其人機互動的指導原則可歸納為「輸出入介面設計」、「使用解說方式」、「錯誤處理方式」、「閱讀呈現方式」、「電腦具備之功能」五個構面。

關鍵字

人機互動

並列摘要

The computer science has progressed in its technology; however an ease of use technology for computer still has a room to be improved. In the design of the computer system, not only the technology and the outward appearance are important, the usability is also one of the main factors. The main design concept of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is to promote the utility of computers, that is, to make the computer have the usefulness and the ease of use as the user operates it. Currently, for HCI researches of domestic and foreign scholars, their objects are likely inclined to those young groups or professionals who are easy to accept new knowledge or reformation. But few design guidelines aiming at the elder group with computer anxiety can be reference for the information industry.
Therefore, by using in-depth interview with the elders, this research collects the reasons causing the elders have computer anxiety and the opinions on what functions the computer shall have to be provided with the usefulness and the ease of use. Then we design the questionnaire according to literatures review and the interview. This research uses the elder aged above 50 years old in Taipei areas as its objects. Because the object is specific and the collection of samples is difficult, this research adopts the purposive sampling method to conduct its sampling. Moreover, this research tries to modify the TAM model of Davis, in which the “Attitude toward Using” will be replaced by the “Computer Anxiety”. Because it is possible that the “Perceived Ease of Use” will influence the “Behavioral Intention to Use” of the elder directly, the “Perceived Ease of Use” will be included in the modified model for study.
Our findings are summarized as below:
1. Based on the modified TAM model, the empirical result shows that it will reduce the occurrence of computer anxiety if the perceived usefulness of the elders for the computer is
III
higher. Meanwhile, it will increase the elders’ intention to use computer if their perceived ease of us for the computer is higher.
2. If we want to promote the elders’ intention to use computer, we shall promote their perceived ease of use first and then perceived usefulness for the next.
3. Although the perceived ease of use does not have any significant influence on the computer anxiety, the higher the perceived ease of use of elders is, the higher their perceived usefulness will be and then the less their computer anxiety will be.
4. The main reasons causing the elders have computer anxiety include four factors as below: “Anxiety about Inadequate Computer Knowledge”, “Anxiety about Computer Messages and Buzzwords of the User Instruction”, “Anxiety about the Computer with Powerful Functions” and “Anxiety about the Rapid Change of Computer Software & Hardware”.
5. The demands of elders for the computer are more inclined to simplification, entertainment, popularization and automation. For the HCI guideline, it includes five dimensions as below: “the Design of Input/Output Interface”, “the Use Instruction Method”, “the Error Processing Method”, “the Reading Presentation Method” and “the Computer Function.

並列關鍵字

human computer interaction

參考文獻

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