一般而言,在中國式的家具設計中,明式家具在朝代的代表性中具有舉足輕重的地位,其中又以明式官帽椅最具盛名。近年來西方國家受到東方思潮的影響,於產品設計的方法中逐漸加入東方的設計元素來強調產品的獨特性,可見東方設計漸衍重要之情形。 綜觀中國歷代座具的演化過程,均因其生活方式與社會背景的不同,而有著不同的製作方式與外觀,然宋朝家具為座具之形態轉換的重要時期,直到明朝時,其樣式更趨成熟及具代表性,且對爾後的清式家具具有著重大的影響力。 在變革的過程中,根據考究可知明式家具沿襲了中國歷代(宋代)家具的類型,同時又兼具明朝文人雅士所賦予家具的美學觀念與手工藝的大量興起,堪為中國歷代家具中最典雅精緻的時代 經過中國家具之文獻整理與歸納,本研究發現明式官帽椅是中國歷代家具中最具代表性的家具,其外觀更賦予極簡美學與文人涵養的優雅造形,在官帽椅的主體結構上,則是運用中國傳統家具製作的技藝 -「榫接」,將家具的接縫處暗藏;明式官帽椅不論是在外觀造形上或是結構製作上,皆反映出臻致的工藝水準與豐富的文化素養,亦滿足了當代的設計規範與市場需求,也成為許多設計上研討的議題,本研究特以明式家具中的官帽椅,進行多樣的文化觀察與設計研究,透過對於明式官帽椅的深入觀察,發掘其中重要的象徵精神與文化內涵,經歸納整理後,轉換成可利用的設計規範,來進行現代文化型的設計,以供後學未來的典範及根據。
Among various types of traditional Chinese furniture, Ming furniture, especially Ming Official Hat Chair, plays a crucial role. Over the recent years, because of the influences of oriental culture, western designers begin to add oriental elements to their products. As a result, orient-style designs are becoming increasingly important. Because of the difference in lifestyle and social background, Chinese chairs vary in manufacturing method and appearance. Song Dynasty is an important period in the development of Chinese furniture, in which the chair changed its form. (People no longer sit on the floor). In Ming Dynasty, the form of traditional Chinese chair became mature and Ming Official Hat Chair exerted great influences on Qing-style furniture. According to our research, Ming furniture on the one hand inherits styles of the furniture of other dynasties of China, especially the style of Song-style furniture, and on the other hand has something original and innovative because of the influences of aesthetic standards of intellectuals in Ming Dynasty and the prosperity in the handicraft industry. And therefore, Ming furniture is indeed the representative work of traditional Chinese furniture. By reading and summarizing literature concerning traditional Chinese furniture, we found that Ming Official Hat Chair is the most representative work of traditional Chinese furniture for its beauty realized by extreme simplicity and elegance unique to Confucian intellectuals. Components of Official Hat Chair are assembled by “mortise joint” unique to traditional Chinese furniture-making technique, and therefore, joint seams can hardly be seen. Both the appearance and the structure of the Ming Official Hat Chair reflect exquisite workmanship and rich cultural deposits, and also meet current design standards and market requirements. And therefore, the Official Hat Chair nowadays becomes a hot topic for discussion. In this study, we conducted in-depth analysis of Ming Official Hat Chair and found out the spirits symbolized by it and cultural deposits. And then, we converted such spirits and cultural deposits into design standards and made several designs based on such standards. In addition, such standards can also serve as the basis for future researches.
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