盲人在不同環境的步行過程中,定向是決定尋路任務成敗的主要關鍵能力。因此本研究係探討盲人在不同環境空間產生步行行為時,不同定向模式所發展出之地圖對尋路績效的影響。研究中採用正交表進行實驗設計,並藉由多變量變異數分析(multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA)來分析實驗模組。最後則利用聯合分析法(conjoint analysis)來對12種地圖的參數組合進行設計評估。結果顯示,以行動式地圖配合訊息提示的參考點+方位之地圖內容是各項參數組合水準之中的最佳化設計。在受測者的訪談過程中,發現以室內地圖(線架構格局)的設計方式是比較優於室外地圖(面架構格局)的設計,並且有利於個人的心理地圖建構。整體而言,地圖型式採用行動模式與配合路徑中的參考點提示,對盲人在陌生環境的初探是有尋路的幫助。而且採用方位提示的功能也能輔助個人在環境參考點產生迷失或模糊時,仍有能力去判定下一個的步行方向。本研究之結果可對現行的盲用地圖提供合理的設計原則並透過國內無障礙環境空間設計的理念來完成真正對盲人有利的「導盲行動地圖」。
When the blind walk in different environments, the orientation model is the key ability to whether or not they succeed in the “Way Finding”. This study explores the influence of maps developed from different orientation models on the blind’s path seeking performance in different environments. An orthoplan was adopted for the experiment design and experiment models were analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finally, conjoint analysis was employed for evaluating the experiment’s 12 different kinds of maps. The results indicate that a mobile map that provides reference points and direction hints was the best design. It was found during interviews with experiment subjects that the indoor map (line structured layout) design was better than the outdoor map (plane structured layout) design, and that it benefited the construction of mental maps. In general, mobile maps with reference points help the blind to find their way through unfamiliar environments, and direction hints allow them to determine their next step when they are confused. This study provides reasonable principles for designing the blind map and it utilizes barrier-free environment design concepts to complete a truly beneficial “Mobile Map for the Blind”.
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