交通運輸環境之通用設計評價系統建立

The Universal Design Evaluation System for Transportation Environments

徐培傑(Pei-Chieh Hsu)

指導教授 ： 曹永慶

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究之目的在於嘗試以通用設計觀點，建立應用於交通運輸環境之通用設計評價系統。內容主要包含以下三部分：1.統整通用設計理念及原則，蒐集通用設計評價及使用者族群分類之文獻，歸納評價系統之構成要項及建立適用於交通運輸環境之使用者族群分類。2.透過訪談法及觀察法調查交通運輸環境之評價指標特性。3.建立適用於交通運輸環境之通用設計評價系統，並透過台北車站地下一層任務動線評價範例之實施檢核其適用性。
　　本研究依以下適用於交通運輸環境之通用設計評價系統應考量之要項建構評價系統：1.評價時除了讓各類使用者參與外，加入設施管理者參與評價，結果較為客觀，本研究分類之評價者族群包含一般人、高齡者、輪椅使用者(手動輪椅)、輪椅使用者(電動輪椅)、聽障者、視障者(全盲)、視障者(弱視)、色盲/色弱者、孕婦、推嬰兒車的使用者、攜帶重物的使用者、外國人及設施管理者，共13類評價者族群。2.針對設施之使用性，各別設定評價指標較為適當。3.設施的使用為一種連續性的過程，設施亦與設置位置及環境相關，因此以連續性及系統性的評價觀點不可忽略。4.計測方式以容易區分之同意度層級給予評分為主。5.評價結果呈現須能容易分析比較通用設計達成度，以提供未來改善設計之參考。
　　本研究調查歸類交通運輸環境之評價指標特性主要歸類為15類：1.平等性、2.通融性、3.操作性、4.資訊性、5.是否容易發現設施、6.容錯性與安全性、7.省力性、8.安心感、9.合理的規劃(包含尺寸、空間、時間、位置等)、10.耐久性、11.經濟性、12.保養狀況、13.舒適性、14.美觀性、15.環保與節能。其中「是否容易發現設施」及「保養狀況」為交通運輸環境宜增加考量之指標特性，其餘特性皆與通用設計原則有所對應。
　　本研究建立之評價系統由四部分構成：1.評價相關之具體內容項目、2.評價流程、3.評價用表格、4.評價後修正。評價相關之具體內容項目包含(1)應用範圍、(2)評價者族群、(3)工作任務、(4)評價指標與具體項目、(5)計測方式、(6)評價結果呈現方式。評價流程包含(1)評價前準備、(2)實施評價、(3)整理評價結果等。評價用表格包含(1)評價者基本資料表、(2)評價任務動線表、(3)設施評價表、(4)分數計算表、(5)雷達圖、(6)評價結果彙整表、(7)評價工具意見表等。評價後修正包含(1)評價相關意見彙整、(2)修正評價內容等。
　　經由台北車站地下一層任務動線範例評價結果發現，本評價系統確實可適用於交通運輸環境，且設施評價表具有擴充性，必須透過持續性的評價修正，才能讓評價系統更加完善。

關鍵字

通用設計 ； 評價系統 ； 交通運輸環境

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to attempt to base on the viewpoint of universal design to establish a universal design evaluation system that can be applied in communications and transportation. The content mainly includes the following three parts: 1. General arrangement of the universal design philosophy and principle, collect literature on the evaluation of universal design and user group categorization, summarize the construing essentials of the evaluation system and establish the user group categorization that can be applied in the transportation environment. 2. Investigate the evaluation indicator characteristics of transportation environment through interview method and observation method. 3. Establish a universal design evaluation system that can be applied in the transportation environment and verify and check on its applicability through the movement line of B1 of Taipei Railway Station.

　　The essentials of the evaluation system：(1)Based on the user viewpoint of plurality category including facility administrator, its result is comparatively objective.(2)Depending on the evaluation requirement of the evaluation target chrematistics and establish the evaluation detail item according to characteristic in order to facilitate evaluation.(3)Aiming at the facility environment, the systematic universal design viewpoint used in what kind of system cannot be ignored.(4)The calculation method of various organizations shall aim at conformity with the level of agreement of the evaluation direction to give score and only that the class of level of agreement is different.(5)The display method of the evaluation result can allow the evaluator to analyze easily and to compare the universal design achievement level and characteristics of the facility.

　　The research summarized into 15 categories of evaluation indicator characteristics of transportation environment: (1) Equality(2) Accommodation(3) Operational (4) Information(5) Whether the facility can be discovered easily(6) Toleration and safety (7) Effort saving(8) Peace of mind(9) Reasonable planning(10) Durability(11) Economics (12) Maintenance condition(13) Comfort(14) Beauty(15) Environmental protection and energy saving

　　The evaluation system including：(1)The essentials of the evaluation system.(2)Evaluation framework and process.(3)Evaluation tables.(4)Amend after evaluation. And research findings show：(1)The evaluation item be simplified is better.(2)During the evaluation, the feeling is more accurate when the user uses the facility the first time.(3)The number of the evaluator group should be even as much as possible so that the evaluation result can be more objective.(4)Add in the evaluation of correlated facility and this is helpful to reflect the problem of continuation during usage of facility.(5)Suggest the wheelchair user can distinguish between electrical wheelchair and manual wheelchair.(6)Simulated experiment and real condition may have slight difference, suggest real condition user has priority.(7)During evaluation, consider add in the interview method, can know the problem more suitable.(9)If full blindness fill in on behalf, people with amblyopia can not fill in easily.(9)The English edition and Japanese edition is required.

並列關鍵字

Universal design ； evaluation system ； transportation environments

參考文獻

8.Kumiko Sawada, Sayuri Fukano, Eiko Sakayori1, Makoto Kosaka, 2006. Creation of a tool for universal design development evaluation UD-Checker creation and examples of use. In conference proceeding: The 2nd International Conference for Universal Design in Kyoto 2006

11.The Center for Universal Design (http://www.ncsu.edu/www/ncsu/design/sod5/cud/)

15.Toyoshiro Nakamura, Miyuki Hagino,Guiding Signs for Subway-passengers Keeping Step with Ageing. In conference proceeding: The 2nd International Conference for Universal Design in Kyoto 2006

16.U.S. Department of Transportation,Title 49-Transportation,Part 38_Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications For Transportation Vehicles, October 1, 2007

20.土耳其畢爾肯大學之通用建築設計¬綜合領域啟發式評價法(An interdisciplinary heuristic evaluation method for universal building design of Bilkent University, Turkey.)