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  • 學位論文

生活技能教學方案對學童口腔保健之成效

The Effects of Life Skills Teaching program in Oral Health for Elementary School Students

指導教授 : 李復惠
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摘要


齲齒是台灣地區國小學童普遍的健康問題之一,口腔保健問題也一直是衛生單位的重點工作,國內過去的研究較偏重知識及態度的教學及改變,行為方面則效果不彰。本研究目的在探討國小學童生活技能口腔保健教學方案之成效,研究採類實驗研究法,以台中縣兩所國小四年級學童為研究對象,分別為實驗組與對照組,實驗組對象接受生活技能口腔保健教學方案-包含四次生活技能口腔保健介入活動,每次活動時間四十分鐘,對照組則無接受此生活技能口腔保健教學方案。研究者設計自填式結構問卷作為前後測評量工具,問卷內容包含人口學資料、知識(r=0.61)、態度(cronbach’s α=0.79 )、行為(cronbach’s α=0.93 )四部分。研究結果顯示,實驗組接受生活技能口腔保健教學方案後,學童口腔保健的知識、態度得分,後測顯著高於前測;學童口腔保健的知識、行為得分,後後測顯著高於前測。研究結論發現衛生教育活動需要多次及長時間的介入,才能見到行為的改變,短期的介入,僅對知識態度有短暫的改變,在延宕效果上並無成效。本研究建議學童應學習良好的生活技能,以培養健康的生活習慣,由於生活技能的長期監督,需靠學校及家庭共同合作,因此當學校在推展健康促進活動時,應注意家庭與學校同步,以落實於學童日常生活。

並列摘要


Dental caries is one of the health problems of the pupils in Taiwan. Therefore, oral health has been one of the important tasks in health promoting school. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a life skills oral health teaching program on the knowledge, attitude, and practice in elementary school students. Quasi-experimental design was used in this study, and the participants of the experimental group and control group were the fourth grade students from two elementary schools in Taichung County. The experimental group received four times of life skills oral health teaching course; each time of the course lasted 40 minutes. The effects of the intervention were evaluated at 2-week before the program and 2-week, 6-week after the program. The tool of the pre-test and post-test was a questionnaire developed by the researcher, and the questionnaire included demographic characteristics, knowledge (r = 0.61), attitude (cronbach’s α = 0.79), and practice (cronbach’s α = 0.93) of oral health. The collected data were analyzed with χ2, t test, and paired t test. The results revealed that knowledge and attitude in the experimental group were significantly improved at 2-week after the intervention, and the knowledge and the practice in the experimental group were significantly improved at 6-week after the intervention. The findings of this study indicated that life skills teaching program was beneficial and valuable in elementary school health promotion.

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