影響大學生休閒態度之家庭因素

The Effects of Family Factors on the Leisure Attitude of University Students

王亭尹(wang ting yin)

指導教授 ： 湯幸芬

亞洲大學/管理學院/休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

休閒對於大學生有助身心健康、達到社會互動與自我實現的功能。然而過去研究指出，大學生在選擇休閒活動參與時往往忽略或缺乏內在思考的歷程，反應至大學生休閒態度方面，現況如何？家庭為「人類發展的中心」，家庭對於個人的成長應是有著相互影響的機制，是故家庭扮演著非常重要的功能，在青少年後期成年人初期的轉換階段，家庭影響大學生休閒態度之因素為何？因此研究目的為了解大學生休閒態度現況，並探討影響大學生休閒態度之家庭因素。
研究經由文獻回顧發現大學生休閒態度的相關因素，並以家庭功能的意涵，將因素分為(1)家庭因素：家庭凝聚力、家庭休閒參與、父母休閒教養方式、家庭社經地位、生活費、居住地；與(2)非家庭因素：個人休閒參與、性別、年級、學業成績、健康狀況，共計11 個變項。
使用結構式問卷對亞洲大學進行年級分層隨機抽樣，共回收322 份有效問卷，研究工具採敘述統計與迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，大學生對休閒態度的認同度依認知、情感、行為意向構面逐漸降低。顯示大學生認同休閒的重要性與功能，但對於休閒與課業相輔相成的功能和接受休閒教育、提升休閒技能的意願仍有待加強。
此外研究並發現，家庭凝聚力、個人休閒參與、學業成績與年級是影響「認知構面」的重要變項；生活費、家庭凝聚力、個人休閒參與、年級是影響大學生「情感構面」的重要變項；父母休閒教養方式、個人休閒參與、性別、年級是影響「行為意向構面」的重要變項；家庭凝聚力、個人休閒參與、年級是影響「休閒態度整體」的重要變項。因此，家庭凝聚力與父母休閒教養方式，對大學生休閒態度有著直接的影響。家庭成員應致力維持良好的氣氛與情感，有助於子女培養正面的休閒態度，進而學習並養成良好的休閒行為。

關鍵字

家庭凝聚力 ； 家庭休閒參與

並列摘要

Leisure enhances the health of university student’s mind and body, improving social interaction skills and promoting self actualization. Past researches indicate that university students tend to ignore or lack of the innate path of self reflection when choosing which leisure activities to participate on. This research aims to know what is the leisure attitude of current university students. The family unit plays the important role of the human growth center, which affects all aspects of the human development. During the transferring phase where an adolescent turns to an adult, what is the factor that made family unit a big influence on university students’ leisure attitude? Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the current status quo of university students’ leisure attitude and further more, discuss the factors of how family units can affect university students’ leisure attitude.
Through literature reviews, the research discovered the relative factors to the leisure attitude of university students. The research then, based on family functions, categorized the factors into the following, (1) family factors: family cohesion, family leisure participation, parental influence on leisure, family socio-economic status, living expense and residential region; (2) non-family factors: personal leisure participation, gender, grade, academic achievement and health status. There are 11 factors in total.
A structural formula questionnaire was applied to an university in the central part of Taiwan, and collected its data with stratification and random sampling where a total of 322 valid questionnaires were gathered. The research instruments comprised dependent statistics and multiple regression analysis. The research revealed that the recognition of university students’ leisure atittude decreases according to their cognitive component, affective IV component and conative component. It showed that university students recognize the importance and function of leisure, and accept concepts like leisure and schoolwork complementing each other. Yet, university students are still reluctant to accept leisure education and leisure skill training.
Moreover, the research also found that family cohesion, personal leisure participation, academic achievement and grade are important factors affecting the ‘cognitive dimension’. Living expense, family cohesion, personal leisure participation and grade are important factors affecting the ‘affective dimension’ for university students. Parental influence on leisure, personal leisure participation, gender and grade are important factors affecting the ‘conative dimension’. Family cohesion, personal leisure participation and grade are important factors affecting the ‘overall leisure attitude dimension’. Therefore, this research contends that family cohesion and parental influence on leisure directly affect university students’ attitude toward leisure. Family members should maintain pleasant family ambiance, which would help university students develop a positive leisure attitude and attain vigorous leisure behaviors.

並列關鍵字

family cohesion ； family leisure participation

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