人本主義在社會工作場域實踐之研究

The Study of Humanism Practice in Social Work Field

高自華(Thu Hua Kao)

指導教授 ： 羅幼瓊

亞洲大學/人文社會學院/社會工作學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

社會工作歷來即被視為帶有強烈人道主義關懷的特質。社會工作的主要目的即在於試圖結合社會理論與實務，以改善人們、團體，或全體社會之生活。然而我國社會工作場域以往對人本主義的研究不多，實際被採納並且運用的情形也不常被提出，因此本研究的研究目的括一、探討專業社會工作者對人本主義的看法與定義，二、探究專業社會工作者的人本主義的實踐經驗。

本研究以紮根理論質性研究的方法進行，為一探索式研究，首先邀請八位不同年齡階層、不同工作領域、不同工作年資、分屬公、私部門的男、女社工員進行深度訪談從中收集資料，並輔以實務現場之觀察與了解。訪談內容經錄音整理成逐字稿，經過分析性的思考、不斷的比較、譯碼的運用，將來自現實世界的資料，轉化成較高的抽象層次的類屬、面向與概念、並建構概念之間的關係，得到研究結果。

研究結果指出指出：一、受訪社工員們對人本主義之概念同時具備一致性與差異性，二、人本主義雖不易實踐但已被鑲嵌於社工場域內。其中分析出多數社工對人本主義的認識為（一）人本就是「做自己」（二）人本就是尊重、接納與包容（三）人本就是互為主體。社工實踐人本的方式則是（一）透過同理心與尊重實踐人本（二）透過案主自決來實踐人本（三）透過互為主體的方式來實踐人本。至於人本主義不易實踐之原因則為（一）機構性質的限制（二）科層體制的限制（三）功利主義的社會氛圍。最後研究者提出對專業社群的建議（一）人本觀點的深化（二）理論與實踐的對話（三）督導系統的重要。而對後續研究的建議如下：（一）以特定的社工領域進行研究（二）採取不同典範的研究方法。

關鍵字

人本主義 ； 人本心理學 ； 社會工作理論 ； 實踐經驗

並列摘要

One main purpose of social work is to help various groups on their life. Hence, the social work is always considered a job with strong humanitarianism. However, little attention is paid to the study about humanism in social work。In Taiwan, there is almost no report about the adoption and application of humanism in social work. Hence this research proposes two research purposes. First is to investigate the professional social worker’s view and definition on humanism. Second is to study the practical experience on humanism of professional social workers.

The methodology of this research applied the grounded theory to do the qualitative analysis, and this study is an exploration research.Eight social workers were chosen with different ages, different working field, different service seniority, different sex, and belong to public and private department respectively. The first process is an in-depth interview to collect talking data .All tapes were transcribed。The first-hand data and information from interview were analyzed, compared, and coded repeatedly and iteratively. Gradually, the category and abstract concept emerged from the outcome of coding. The research results were constructed from the relation of the concepts.

The results of this study are pointed out below. First, the definitions of humanism from interviewed social workers are part in consistency and part in difference. Second, although humanism is difficultly practiced, but has been inlaid in the field of social work. On the inconsistency of interviewed social workers, most of them considered humanism as that： (1) Humanism is make oneself (2) Humanism is respect, acceptant and tolerance (3) Humanism is inter-subjective。 The method to achieve humanistic of social workers are that (1) Practice humanism through respect and empathy (2) Practice humanism through client self-determinism (3) Practice humanism through inter-subjective. The reasons why humanism is difficultly practiced are (1) restriction of organization property (2) restriction of bureaucracy system (3) social atmosphere of utilitarianism. Finally, the researcher proposed three suggestions to professional community (1) raising awareness of humanism (2) continuing the dialogue between practice and the theory (3) enhancing the importance of supervision system.

並列關鍵字

Humanism ； Humanism psychology ； social work theory ； practical experience

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