護理人員對愛滋病感染的知識態度及預防行為相關因素探討-以某醫學中心成人病房為例

Explore the related factors regarding nursing personnel’s knowledge attidude and precaution for AIDS Affection -for an example of aduit patience room at a medical center

陳淑純(chên shu chun)

指導教授 ： 徐尚為

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

全球愛滋病患，2005 年存活人數4030 萬人，死亡人數310 萬人（WHO 2005.12 月）。台灣愛滋病感染人數已達10158 人，目前87％存活（共8825人），全球及東南亞感染率都有下降趨勢，台灣還快速增加，實在令人擔心。而被指定愛滋病醫院的第一線護理人員正面臨空前挑戰，擔心照顧過程中會被感染，加以被社會標籤化，更增加醫謢人員照顧壓力。本研究旨在探討護理人員對愛滋病感染的知識態度及預防行為之相關因素探討，其作為提供教育及業務改善的參考。
本研究之對象為成人病房的護理人員，使用自擬結構問卷，以立意取樣發放問卷。共發放250 份，回收問卷200 份，回收率為80％。研究結果顯示護理人員對愛滋病的知識答對率為66％，照護愛滋病的態度得分為2.74 分（SD=0.54），愛滋病的預防行為得分為4.14 分(SD=0.56）。影響知識態度及預防行之因素為：有無照顧過愛滋病人、職級、有無子女數、機構的提供用物部分與護理人員對愛滋病的副作用認知、傳染病認知及症狀認知得分有相關。但態度與預防行為無顯著相關。
醫療機構應設計完善的教育訓練，以增進護理人員的照護技能，且提供充足的防護用物，並制定完善的針頭處理流程，使護理人員執行正確的防護行為並避免針扎，而針對照護愛滋病的態度較負向部份可請較有經驗者做分享，於安排照顧愛滋病患時，可請有照顧經驗者帶領，以減輕壓力而提升更佳的照護品質。

關鍵字

愛滋病、護理人員、知識、態度、預防行為

並列摘要

Among AIDS patients worldwide,40.3 million people survived and3.1 million people died as of 2005(WHO,2005/12).In Taiwan,the accumulated number of infected people has reached 10158 and 87%(8825) of them survived at the end of 2004.While the infection rate of AIDS is decreasing globally, it is a troubling sign that the infection rate in Taiwan is still on the rise.The first-line healthcare workers in designated AIDS hospitals are facing an unprecedented challenge of being infected during the process of care and thus being labeled by the society stereotype, and also pressures of taking care of patients.The purpose of this study is to investigate relevant factors of healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and preventive action of AIDS infection for future educational and administrative improvement.
Research subjects of this study were the healthcare staffs who work in adult-patient-wards of a teaching hospital.According to random sampling approach, 250 copies self-created structured questionnaire were distributed and 200 copies of them were retrieved with the etrieval rate of 80%. Research results show the correction rate of AIDS knowledge is 66%;the scores of AIDS care attitude and AIDS preventive action are 2.74 (SD=0.54) and 4.14 (SD=0.56),respectively.
The factors to influence knowledge, attitude and preventive action are: the experience of taking care of AIDS patients,level of job title,number of children in household,and protective equipment provided by the institution.These factors are correlated with healthcare workers’ cognition of AIDS side effect,cognition of infectious disease and its symptoms;however,they do not have any significant correlation with attitude and preventive action.
To eliminate the risk and tension of healthcare workers during taking care of AIDS patient, medical facilities should have a well-designed training program to improve techniques of healthcare workers, provide sufficient protective equipment,and establish a mandatory used syringe-needle recovery process avoiding needle stick injury.In terms of negative care attitude of AIDS,experienced staffs can be invited for demonstration and guidance to relieve healthcare workers’ job pressures for better care quality.

並列關鍵字

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Symptoms), health care workers, knowledge, attitude, preventive action

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