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  • 學位論文

兒童體重過重與父母教養風格及餵養行為之相關探討

Parenting styles, child-feeding behaviors, and child weight status

指導教授 : 董和銳
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摘要


兒童的體重過重及肥胖盛行率持續增加,幾乎已是全球性的流行病,由於兒童時期肥胖,成年之後繼續肥胖的比例相當高,所以兒童時期的肥胖是不容忽視的問題。兒童自幼成長於家庭,生活習慣及飲食行為會受到父母教養方式及家庭整體功能的影響。根據相關研究發現,父母對孩子的飲食限制、監視或要求等行為,與孩子的體重情形有關聯。本研究主要探討父母對孩童進食行為的監督與孩童體重過重的相關是否會因不同的教養風格而有不同。 本研究採問卷調查法,以中部某國小二、四、六年級的938位學童為研究對象,對家長發出問卷調查,測量父母對孩子餵食行為的態度與教養風格類型,再與孩童在校測量的身高體重、BMI值等資料聯結,應用Spearman相關係數,分析父母不同的教養風格類型下,父母的餵養行為與孩童體重的相關情形。 研究結果顯示,依行政院衛生署兒童肥胖定義,833位學童中有14.9%屬體重「過重」,15.7%屬體重「超重」。同時發現,父母對孩童進食行為的監督與孩童的體重過重確實有關聯,此種關聯會因父母的教養風格不同而有差異。例如:母親會建立合理的準則使孩子遵守,較能與開放的態度和孩子理性溝通者,母親為孩子準備飲食及對孩子飲食監視記錄的頻率多寡,與孩子的體重呈反方向變化。反之,母親較不會建立合理的準則使孩子遵守,較不常和孩子理性溝通者,母親為孩子準備飲食及對孩子飲食監視記錄的頻率多寡,與孩子的體重則無關聯。由於孩童的飲食大部分由母親負責,母親的教養風格,對餵養孩子的態度與孩子的體重之間,較父親有更明顯的影響。 控制孩子的體重,預防孩子肥胖,父母扮演了重要的角色。要維持孩子的適當體重,父母應該從注意教養方式開始,讓孩子生長在被關心、被尊重、被接納的環境中,與父母有良好的溝通,能接受他人的意見,攝取健康的食物,並養成自主的良好飲食習慣,由孩子來控制自己的體重,才能發揮長遠的效果,達到預防肥胖的目的。

並列摘要


The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is on the rise worldwide. Family is the fundamental institution to socialize and raise children. The global influences of parenting style and family functioning may provide a context and influence the delivery and impact of specific parent behaviors. Studies have found that various child-feeding behaviors, such as monitoring, pressure to eat, or restriction, are associated with child weight gain. However, it is speculated the relationship between specific child-feeding behaviors and child weight status might vary under different parenting styles. A child-feeding questionnaire and a parenting style questionnaire were administered to parents of 2nd, 4th, and 6th graders of an lementary school in central Taiwan. A total of 833 parents responded and the information collected from the questionnaires was matched with their children's weights and heights measured by the student health center. Preliminary results show that, using a gender- and age-adjusted Body Mass Index classification scheme, 14.9% of the 833 students were overweight and 15.7% of them were considered as obese. Several child-feeding behaviors of the parents were found to be associated with their children's weight status; however, the association patterns differ by their parents' parenting styles. For example, mothers with stronger perceived responsibility (towards child's dietary intakes) and monitoring were less likely to have an overweight child, but this association was seen only among the mothers with a more authoritative parenting style. Parental involvement in interventions on childhood obesity is common, parents should be aware of their parenting styles and use appropriate child-feeding behaviors.

參考文獻


國家政策研究基金會議 臺灣兒童及青少年體重過重與肥胖問題之綜評
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被引用紀錄


楊茱惠(2015)。臺中市國小五年級學童體位不良率與其照顧者財經背景、學童生活作息、飲食習慣、營養教育程度關聯性之探討〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834%2fCSMU.2015.00098
王孟茜(2014)。埔里地區國小高年級學生早餐飲食現況調查〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834%2fCSMU.2014.00181
Michelle (2011). 台灣與紐西蘭父母教養型態及教師課堂互動對幼兒情緒調節能力影響之研究 [doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan Normal University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315230871

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