影響青少年運動態度與行為形成之因素

Socialization Process of Adolescents’ Sport Attitudes and Behavior through Important Agents

邱微珊(Wei-Shan Chiu)

指導教授 ： 高立學

亞洲大學/管理學院/休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

摘 要

研究目的為了解青少年的運動態度、運動行為、及重要他人如何影響青少年運動態度的形成及運動行為的養成。採用質與量混合的方法收集資料，包括兩個小團體的採訪，6個個人深入訪談，與93份問卷調查。受訪者來自兩所學校中的學生、教師和家長。訪談問題包括詢問受訪者是否喜歡或不喜歡運動的原因，重要他人 (父母，老師，同學，學校，社區和媒體) 如何影響受訪者的運動態度和行為。訪談時間約半小時到一小時。對象包括青少年，他們的同儕，教師和家長。問卷調查則調查青少年受訪者的運動行為、運動情感態度與運動認知。
資料分析包括訪談內容分析，和問卷資料描述性分析。並將訪談和問卷的結果交叉驗證。結果顯示，社會化過程中媒體和同儕對青少年運動態度和行為的影響遠勝過其它重要他人。青少年覺得媒體容易讓他們感到放鬆、學到新技巧、滿足感與避免運動時不舒服的感覺。此外，少子化的現象讓同儕的相處對青少年的運動態度社會化過程發揮了重要作用。
學校下課休息時間與場地問題、父母與師長的參與支持和運動態度、社區的安全管理與防護措施 也是影響的關鍵點。
本研究建議，如果教師與家長都能更加重視體育，也支持青少年的運動參與，加上學校和社區積極改善運動環境，都有可能增加青少年參與運動休閒活動與發展更積極的運動態度。

關鍵詞：青少年，運動態度，社會化，靜態休閒，參與

關鍵字

青少年 ； 社會化 ； 運動態度

並列摘要

Abstract
In Taiwan, people placed more emphasis on academic than sports performance. Also, because of the popularity of television and the prevalence of the Internet, many adolescents seemingly prefer static to dynamic leisure activities. Adolescents’ attitudes toward sports might be influenced by the media, teachers, parents, peers and the community through a socialization process. This stirs the current research interest to understand the socialization process of adolescents’ sport attitudes through important agents.
Mixed methods of data collection were utilized including two small-group interviews, six individual interviews, and 93 questionnaires. Participants were recruited from two middle and senior high schools, and their classmates, peers, teachers and parents were then recruited. Each of the interviews took approximately between half an hour and one hour. In the interviews, the questions included: Why do you like or dislike sports? How often do you participate in sports? How do your parents, teachers, peers, schools, community and the media influence your attitudes toward sports? How do you influence your kids’ (students’) participation in sports activities and attitudes toward sports? How do you see the impacts of the community or the media on your kids’ or your students’ sports participation and attitudes? Follow-up questions were added depending on different interview situations. As for the survey, the questionnaire asked participants about their sports behaviors, attitudes toward sports and sports knowledge, and the impacts of important agents on their sports attitudes. For the survey, the sample was consisted of adolescents from the two middle and senior high schools.
Data were analyzed by a coding process and descriptive analysis of statistics. Cross-validation was used with data from interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that the media and peers wielded the most impacts on adolescents’ sports attitudes than other important agents in the sports socialization process. It was revealed that adolescents felt easy to relax with the media. The remote controllers seemed to bring a feeling of satisfaction. Some respondents mentioned that they did not like sweating and could avoid the uncomfortable feeling when simply playing with the media. Some answered that they could learn the skills and knew information on TV or the Internet. In addition, because nowadays many families had only one child, peers similar to sibling became important. No matter that it was in school or after school, peers were always around and played an important role in the sports socialization process.
As for the school, it seemed that teachers valued academic grades than sports performance. In school, the break time was too short to do any sports. Sport facilities were not diversified, or the facility capacity was limited for only a few people to play at the same time. As for the impacts of parents, although adolescents admired their parents as a sports role model, the parents might work late, did not concern with adolescents’ sports participation or parents like teachers placed more emphasis on academic performance.
The community seemed to have the lowest influence in the socialization process. Although some communities did provide some facilities for members to play together, some respondents said that they were concerned with the issues of safety and security. In addition, some adolescents replied that most of their time was in formal or cram schools but not in community. For suggestions, it might be possible for adolescents to increase participation in sports activities and develop more positive sports attitudes if teachers could put more emphasis on sports, parents could pay more attention in adolescent’s sports participation, and schools and community can improve sports environments.

Key words: Adolescents, Sport attitude, Socialization process, Static leisure, Participation

並列關鍵字

Adolescents ； Socialization ； Sport attitude

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