老人退出工作與身心狀況變化之研究

A Study on the Workforce exit and Psycho -Physical Condition of the Elderly in Taiwan

黃美琄(Mei Chuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 李美玲

亞洲大學/人文社會學院/社會工作學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本論文研製旨在探討中、老年人退出工作前後和身心狀態之長期變化關聯。研究方法：本研究為一縱貫性研究，採行政院衛生署國民健康局（前衛生署家庭計劃研究所）1996-2003年所進行的「台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」，50歲以上之老年人口作為主要研究對象，以人口特性、工作狀態、身心狀況變化等次級資料進行分析，分析影響中老年退出工作之相關因素，統計分析方法包含：描述性統計分析、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析(One-way Anova)、迴歸分析等。
結果顯示：平均年齡為64.32歲，教育程度普遍較低，慢性疾病疾患率隨年齡增加而上升，且隨著年齡老化，中、老年人對自評健康情形也感到越來越差；透過單因子變異數分析，發現不同年齡、性別、教育程度者、族群、配偶有無、居住都市化、自評經濟滿意程度在身心狀況各層面在統計上均有顯著差異。教育程度越高，自評健康較佳、罹患慢性疾病機率較低、日常生活功能障礙程度也較低、憂鬱指數也較低、生活滿意程度越高、社團參與較高、休閒頻率較高；隨年齡增加，女性較男性中老年自評健康情形較差、罹患慢性疾病機率也較高、日常生活活動功能障礙程度也較高；疾病轉變影響其工作狀態；期前工作狀態之變動，工作狀態的變動，會受到相當程度的人口特性與身心狀態(生理、心理等層面)因素的影響。
結論：本研究之目的在於了解中、老年人「退出工作與身心狀況變化」是否因老化而有所關聯變化，透過為期七年的長期追蹤資料，可瞭解工作有無與不同身心狀態變化的趨勢，以克服橫斷性研究所無法呈現的動態改變過程，期待做為中、高齡社會福利服務提供或政策制定之參考。
關鍵字：、

關鍵字

中、老年退出工作 ； 身心狀態 ； HASH(0xab8575c)

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to study the long term relationship between the time before and after retirement and physical/mental changes in middle-age and old age people.
Method: This is a longitudinal study, using the database from the Investigation of Long Term Psycho-social Status of Middle-age and Old Age Population in Taiwan, performed by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, R.O.C. (Taiwan) from 1996 to 2003. The main study population is people aged 50 and above, analyzed according to demographics, work condition, physical/mental status, etc. in relation to possible reasons for retirement. Statistical analyses include: descriptive statistics, chi-square test, single sample student’s T test, one-way Anova, regression analysis, etc.
Results: the mean age was 64.32 years old, with a low average of education level, patients with chronic disease increases with age. Abilities for health self-examination are subjectively felt to worsen with increasing age. Using the one-way Anova analysis, we found that there was statistically significant correlation between physical/mental health and age, gender, education level, population, presence of spouse, urban dweller, and subjective economical satisfaction. With higher education levels, self assessment of general health is better, with lower risk for chronic disease, activities of daily living (ADL) are less limited, and depression scores are lower. Higher life satisfaction, more social activities and higher frequency of leisure time are also noted. As age increases, women are more likely to self assess worse health, have a higher incidence of chronic disease, and limitations of ADL are higher. Progression of diseases affects working status. Demographics and physical/mental health status also affect work status.
Conclusion: our purpose was to understand whether retirement and physical/mental changes in middle-age and elderly people are affected by increasing age. Through analysis of the seven-year follow up database, we can observe the relationship between physical and mental health and employment/unemployment. We hope that our study can show a dynamic development that otherwise a cross-sectional study cannot show, and hope that it can be used as reference for future service provision and/or establishment of policy.

並列關鍵字

Psycho -Physical Condition ； retired middle age and elderly ； Workforce exit

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