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  • 學位論文

以γ-照射技術自靈芝濾渣製備生理活性物質及其應用

Preparation of Physiologically Active Substances from Ganoderma tsugae Residue using γ-irradiation Technology and Their Application

指導教授 : 蔡淑瑤 黃仕政
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摘要


幾丁聚醣和葡萄糖胺都是幾丁質降解之產物,蝦、蟹、昆蟲的外殼、真 菌類和藻類的細胞壁中皆有豐富之含量,並被利用於各種領域,如食品、醫 藥及廢水處理等。幾丁質常以蝦蟹殼為來源,使素食者不適於使用。松杉靈 芝(Ganoderma tsugae) 是台灣常見的靈芝品種,常作為靈芝保健食品之來 源,但靈芝在被萃取其有效成分後,會剩下許多殘渣,而目前殘渣沒被有效 開發和利用。加馬射線是一種短波長且高能量的輻射線,常用於保藏食品或 物質改性之作用。 本篇研究利用松杉靈芝濾渣製得凍乾靈芝幾丁質後,再經去乙醯反應製得 凍乾靈芝幾丁聚醣,產率為1.35% (去乙醯度62.95%);而凍乾靈芝幾丁聚醣 浸泡於5.87 N 鹽酸並施於劑量50 kGy 之加馬射線照射後,可製得凍乾靈芝 葡萄糖胺鹽酸鹽產率為76.02%。本篇研究亦分析凍乾靈芝幾丁聚醣和凍乾靈 芝葡萄糖胺品鹽酸鹽之抗氧化性質、抗菌力及油脂吸附能力。 在抗氧化性質方陎,結果顯示凍乾靈芝幾丁聚醣和凍乾靈芝葡萄糖胺鹽酸 鹽皆能螯合亞鐵離子,其濃度在0.5~20 mg/mL 時螯合能力分別nd~60.28% 和34.82~100%;靈芝凍乾鹽酸鹽葡萄糖胺在抗氧化力和清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦 味肼基團能力皆有明顯之效果。 在抗菌試驗方陎,靈芝凍乾幾丁聚醣對陏蘭氏陽性菌和格蘭氏陰性菌皆有 抑菌效果,其抑菌圈直徑可達8.25~13.00 mm;而靈芝凍乾鹽酸鹽葡萄糖胺在 濃度為5 mg/mL時,只對陏蘭氏陽性菌(Listeria monocytogenes) 有10.25 mm 的抑菌效果。 抗真菌試驗方陎,靈芝凍乾幾丁聚醣只在濃度為 20 mg/mL 時對 Penicillium italicum有抑菌效果,其抑菌圈直徑可達8 mm;而靈芝凍乾鹽酸 鹽葡萄糖胺在濃度為0.5~20 mg/mL時,對Aspgillus niger和Penicillium italicum 兩株真菌皆無抑菌效果。 在油脂吸附試驗上,標準品、市售之幾丁聚醣與靈芝凍乾幾丁聚醣三者之 吸附效果一樣好。 綜此,靈芝凍乾幾丁聚醣和靈芝凍乾鹽酸鹽葡萄糖胺具有抗氧化性質、抗 菌性和油脂吸附之能力,因此,本研究結果可作為靈芝廢棄物再利用之參考, 期待能將其進一步應用於食品保存上。

並列摘要


The degradation of chitin products is chitosan and glucosamine. The rich sources of chitin include shells or wells of shrimp, crabs, insects, fungi and algae,and used in a variety of areas such as food, medicine, and wastewater treatment. Chitin always isolated from shrimp and crab shell. Therefore, it is generally unacceptable for vegetarian. Ganoderma tsugae, often as a source of health food, is a common fungus species in Taiwan. After extraction, large quantity of G. tsugae residue was left. The present situation that residue is not effective development and utilization. Gamma irradiation, a short wavelength and high energy radiation, commonly used in the preservation of food or material modification of the role. This research reported herein was to prepare chitin of lyophilized from the residue of G. tsugae. The production yield was 1.35% (62.95% degree of deacetylation) for chitosan of lyophilized from chitin of lyophilized of G. tsugae. The yield was 76.02% for glucosamine from chitosan using 5.87N HCl as media and irradiated with 50 kGy γ-ray. The research also studies the antioxidant, antibacterial and fat absorption capacity of chitosan and glucosamine hydrochloride from G. tsugae. At 0.5~20 mg/mL, the chitosan and glucosamine hydrochloride from G. tsugae showed the effective chelating abilities on ferrous ions is 1.48~60.28% and 34.82~100%, respectively. The glucosamine hydrochloride from G.tsugae also have significant studies in antioxidant activity and scavenging on DPPH radicals. In the antibacterial tests, the chitosan a from G. tsugae showed inhibitory on G(+) bacteria and G(-) bacteria which the inhibition zone diameter were between 8.25~13.00 mm. At 5 mg/mL, the glucosamine hydrochloride from G. tsugae showed inhibitory on Listeria monocytogenes which the inhibition zone diameter is 10.25 mm. In the antifungal tests, the chitosan a from G. tsugae showed inhibitory which the inhibition zone diameter is 8 mm, only in the concentration at 20 mg / mL. At 0.5~20 mg/mL, the glucosamine hydrochloride from G. tsugae showed inhibitory on Aspgillus niger and Penicillium italicum have no significant studies. In the oil absorption test, the chitosan of standard, commercial and the chitosan from G.tsugae showed that were no significant differences in the three statistics. In conclusion, the chitosan and glucosamine hydrochloride from G. tsugae exhibited antioxidant properties, antimicrobial resistance and oil absorption ability. This research could be valuable information for reused the G. tsugae residual. And look forward to use in food preservation in further.

並列關鍵字

γ-irradiation Ganoderma tsugae chitin chitosan glucosamine

參考文獻


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