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  • 學位論文

台灣地區老人飲食攝取與憂鬱風險之關聯性探討

Association of Food Consumption Frequency with the Risk of Depression in Elderly Taiwanese

指導教授 : 蔡仲弘
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摘要


背景—老人憂鬱是一重要的健康議題。老年人憂鬱與營養之間的研究早已被重視,但是從飲食攝取狀況來探討與憂鬱風險的研究則不多見。 目的—本研究目的是在探討台灣地區老年人食物攝取與憂鬱之關聯性,並分析飲食攝取對隨後四年憂鬱風險的影響。 方法—本研究分析「台灣中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」1999年2627名65 歲以上個案之資料。以邏輯迴歸(Logistic Regression)分析各類食物及營養補充品之攝取頻率,在控制性別、年齡、教育程度、獨居與否、吸菸狀況、飲酒狀況、運動狀況、慢性疾病數、自覺健康情形、經濟狀況、日常生活功能等變項下,與憂鬱傾向之關聯性,並分析1999年個案食物攝取狀況預測2003年憂鬱風險的能力。 結果—迴歸分析結果顯示在控制上述變項的狀況下,蔬果、茶類及穀類的攝取頻率與憂鬱風險呈負性關聯。每週攝取蔬果類3次或以上者比3次以下者之憂鬱風險減少了47% (OR= 0.53, 95 CI= 0.39 - 0.71);每週攝取茶類3次或以上者比3次以下者之憂鬱風險減少了38% (OR= 0.62, 95 CI= 0.46 - 0.82);每週攝取穀類3次或以上者比3次以下者之憂鬱風險減少了36% (OR= 0.64, 95% CI= 0.50 - 0.82)。縱貫分析個案1999年之食物攝取對隨後四年憂鬱傾向之關聯性顯示,蔬果類每週攝取3次或以上者,其四年後之憂鬱風險比3次以下者減少 47% (OR= 0.53, 95 CI= 0.38 - 0.75);茶類每週攝取3次或以上者,其四年後之憂鬱風險比3次以下者減少38% (OR= 0.62, 95 CI= 0.45 - 0.86);穀類每週攝取3次或以上者,其四年後之憂鬱風險比3次以下者減少26% (OR= 0.74, 95 CI= 0.55 - 0.99)。其他食物如肉禽、乳品、蛋、豆類、海鮮及營養補充品,則無顯著關聯。 結論—本研究顯示蔬菜水果、茶及穀類的攝取頻率與老年人的憂鬱風險有關,並且具有預測憂鬱風險的功能。此結果突顯健康飲食的重要性。蔬菜水果、茶及穀類之攝取可能降低老年人的憂鬱風險。

關鍵字

飲食攝取 憂鬱風險 蔬菜 水果 穀類

並列摘要


Background: Depression is prevalent in the elderly and it has been shown to be highly associated with diet and nutrition. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the association and the possible causal role of food consumption with the risk of depression in older Taiwanese. Methods: The study analyzed the 1999 and 2003 data of the “Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan” conducted by the Bureau of Health Promotion of DOH of Taiwan. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of 2627 elderly aged 65 years or over were analyzed with univariate and multivariate regression analyses to determine the significance of association between the consumption frequencies of each food group with depression scores. Results: Univariate analysis of cross-sectional data showed that consumption frequencies of all food categories were associated with lower risk of depression whereas multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only higher consumption frequencies of fruit & vegetable, grains and tea were significantly associated. Analysis of the longitudinal data showed that consumption frequency of fruit & vegetable had the strongest impact on the risk of depression, followed by tea and grains. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that diet and nutrition not only is associated with the risk of depression, it may play a causal role. However, confirmation of such a relationship awaits further interventional studies. These results also suggest a possible beneficial effect of encouraging the elderly to increase fruit and vegetable consumptions to reduce the risk of depression.

參考文獻


行政院衛生署國民健康局。中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查系列/調查簡介。2009年10月28日,取自
江弘基、戴傳文、李明濱、王銘光、張文穎、蔡佩樺。老人自殺問題。台灣醫學。2006;10(3):353-61。
Aihara Y, Minai J, Aoyama A, Shimanouchi S. Depressive symptoms and past lifestyle among Japanese elderly people. Community Ment Health J. 2010 May 9. DOI: 10.1007/s10597-010-9317-1.
Akbaraly TN, Brunner EJ, Ferrie JE, Marmot MG, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A. Dietary pattern and depressive symptoms in middle age. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195(5):408-13.
Blazer DG. Depression in late life: review and commentary. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(3):249-65.

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