影響國小學童體適能表現因素之研究-以東勢、和平地區學童為例

The Study on the Influential Factors of Elementary School Students’ Physical Fitness-Take The Elementary School Students in Dongshi and Heping Districts for Instance

賴兆晃(Lai Chao-Huang)

指導教授 ： 徐尚為

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康產業管理學系健康管理組/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究的主要目的在於瞭解東勢、和平區國小五年級學童健康體適能現況，並藉由橫斷面研究方式，探討背景因素和健康體適能、健康生活型態之相關情形。本研究採方便抽樣的方式，選取東勢區七所、和平區九所學校共436位五年級學童為研究對象（原住民學童80位，非原住民356位），研究方法為測量學童的體適能表現，施測項目包含身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎（柔軟度）、立定跳遠（瞬發力）、仰臥起坐（肌力及肌耐力）和八百公尺跑走（心肺耐力）等，並以自行設計之健康生活型態問卷進行調查研究，所蒐集之資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛佛法事後分析法、逐步回歸分析法等進行資料統計與分析。所得到的結果如下：
1. 和平區五年級學童在坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠和仰臥起坐等項目的表現優於東勢區五年級學童，但東勢區五年級學童在八百公尺跑走的表現優於和平區五年級學童。
2. 原住民學童在坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠、仰臥起坐和八百公尺跑走等項目的成績皆優於非原住民學童。
3. 男學童在立定跳遠、仰臥起坐和八百公尺跑走等項目的比現優於女學童，女學童在坐姿體前彎的表現優於男學童。
4. 學童是學校校隊成員及曾代表學校參賽者，在體適能四個施測項目中的表現，皆優於非學校校隊及不曾代表學校參賽者，而有參加社團者，除仰臥起坐外，其餘項目的表現皆優於未參加學校社團者。
5. 在健康生活型態認知方面，東勢區學童的各分項平均得分皆高於和平區學童，而非原住民學童的各分項平均得分也高於原住民學童。
由以上結果可得到結論如下：
1. 本研究歸納出影響體適能表現差異的因素有生活環境（地區）、族群、性別和運動參與程度。
2. 對於非原住民學童，在體育教學上應適度引導以增加其運動的機會和身體活動量，期能增進學童體適能，養成其規律自主的運動習慣。
3. 對於原住民學童應加強飲食習慣、運動習慣觀念的宣導，學校亦應針對學童個別體能發展及興趣，協助其課餘休閒活動的安排。

關鍵字

國小學童 ； 體適能 ； 健康生活型態

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to understand the current status of health-related physical fitness among the fifth grade elementary students in Dongshi and Heping districts. A cross-sectional study, involved health-related physical fitness test and questionnaire, was conducted to look into the relation between physical fitness and personal characters, and the relation between physical fitness and health-related lifestyles. Data of study population, 436 fifth graders (80 aboriginal students and 356 non-aboriginal students) from Dongshi and Heping district primary schools, were analyzed by mean of descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.
The results of the study were :
1. Fifth graders from Heping district have better performance in sit and reach, standing long jump and sit-ups. On the other hand, students from Dongshi have better performance in eight hundred meter walk-run.
2. The health-related physical fitness of aboriginal students were better than those of the non-aboriginal students.
3. Male students have better performance in standing long jump, sit-ups and 800- meter running .On the other hand, female students have better performance in sit and reach .
4. Those who were sport team members of elementary schools have better performance in health-related physical fitness; students who participated in extra-curriculum activities have better performance in sit and reach, standing long jump and 800- meter running and working.
5. In the cognitive of healthy lifestyle, students from Dongshi got higher average scores than Heping students in questionnaires test, and non-aboriginal students had higher scores than aboriginal students.
The main conclusions of this research were as follows:
1. The factors that affected health-related physical fitness included race, gender, nature environment and exercise participation.
2. Different contents should provide in physical activity curriculum for non-aboriginal students to help each individual in developing exercise habit and good health-related physical fitness.
3. Schools should strength advocacy in proper dietary and leisure activities for aboriginal students.

並列關鍵字

elementary school children ； physical fitness ； health-related lifestyles

參考文獻

方進隆(1997)：健康體能的理論與實際。台北：漢文書局。

林正常(1998)。運動生理學。臺北市：師大書苑。

AAHPERD (1980) : Health Related Physical Fitness Washington, D .C.: National Education Association.

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