當代台灣佛教的社會參與—以少年福利機構「普賢慈海家園」為例

「人間佛教」成為二十世紀以來中國佛教發展的一股主要思潮和實踐方向，立基於「人間佛教」理論，台灣當代有許多實踐行者，在慈善、教育、人文等各層面作為佛教社會參與，皆有卓越的奉獻與成果。本文以當代台灣佛教第一所偏差行為少年收容中心—「普賢慈海家園」為研究個案，研究對象在台灣當代佛教的社會參與實例中，是一個特殊的研究場域，一個談偏差行為青少年教化的議題，當加入宗教的元素之後，兩者之間相互的連結是值得去研究的。本文是一個包含佛學與社會學跨領域的研究，以「質性研究法」為主，採用「個案研究方法」，資料的收集是運用「次級資料蒐集與分析」及「半結構訪談法」針對個案進行質性探討。本文從「人間佛教」的理論基礎，談到實踐層面—台灣當代佛教的社會參與，特別點出實踐面向的空隙—監獄弘法，以說明研究「普賢慈海家園」為例的原因。除了介紹研究個案的資料，特別依照研究方法，設計訪談，並將訪談內容整理，經過分析後作歸納整理，目的希望了解創辦者的理念與佛教內涵是否落實到機構管理及運作，以期分析「普賢慈海家園」的特殊性，檢視佛教宗旨與社會事業是否能緊密連結。並藉此研究，評量該機構在佛教參與中是否具有特殊價值；對社會而言，又是否能發揮佛教的實質貢獻。研究結果發現，「普賢慈海家園」相異於其他宗教參與的社福機構扶弱濟貧面向，創辦人本身就是一位佛教僧人，從事監所弘化的背景，並將機構設立在宗教場域當中，使得機構與宗教場域緊密結合，能夠將佛教的內涵深化到機構的運作當中，直接或間接地影響機構裡的每一位參與者，而道場的資源更直接地成為護持機構的重要力量。此外，研究者認為機構的設立是有其絕對的必要性，因其關注的面向，是「人間佛教」實踐空隙的不同視角，基於「救一個孩子，社會減少一分可能的威脅，讓他人免於一份可能的傷害」的立足，對社會和諧、家庭功能皆可產生正向的影響力，足見「普賢慈海家園」在佛教社會參與中具有獨特的地位。

關鍵字

人間佛教；佛教社會參與；普賢慈海家園；偏差行為；監獄弘法

並列摘要

“Humanistic Buddhism” has become the mainstream movement and practical direction for Chinese Buddhism's developement since 20th Century. Base on the“Humanistic Buddhism”, many of this movement's practitioners contribute to the Buddhist society greatly in the areas of charity, education and humanity. This research is “Puxian Cihai Juvenile House”, the first buddhist center for misbehavior youth. This research focus on relation between the topics of religion elements' intervention on juveniles and education on misbehavior youth. This article is a cross domain research include Buddhism and Sociology, mainly with qualitative research with case study method . Data were collected with secondary data and semi-structured interview. This article discuss the practical side of Taiwan's Buddhism's involvment with the society, also being out the topic of jail preaching to explain why pick “Puxian Cihai Juvenile House” for research subject. Besides introduce the case studies, this research also analyze the data to explore whether the founder's goal implement well within this institution's operation and management. By analyze this juvenile house's uniqueness we are to find out if Buddhism's value bond well to the charity work, also to see if this pioneer work has positive impact and solid contributions to the Buddhism. This research finds that “Puxian Cihai Juvenile House” is different from other religion involved charity works, the founder is monk who actively involve in prison preaching works, his innovation on establish juvenile house within public religion service center actually deepening the Buddhism's value to the organization and its participants. Also the organizations' resource direct benefit the juvenile house. The author believes the necessity of establishment of buddhist juvenile house. It complets the practices of humanistic Buddhism's hindering view. Base on the mission of “Save one child, the society decrease one possible threat and harm”, “Puxian Cihai Juvenile House” brings the positive impact to the society and families and holds it speacil role play in the Buddhism's social involvement.